{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:23:20Z","timestamp":1787012600399,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Technological University Dublin College of Arts and Tourism"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jstars.2025.3581499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T13:28:29Z","timestamp":1750426109000},"page":"16162-16175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<i>DeepMapper:<\/i>\n                    A GeoAI Approach to Automate the VGI Mapping Workflow"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9868-8338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lasith","family":"Niroshan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4766-7297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James D.","family":"Carswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9671.2010.01230.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-7030-1.ch037"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi2010135"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/b35097"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14498596.2013.801331"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2019.1684500"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/bbf.c"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2013.781688"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-14280-7_3"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9070427"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MGRS.2017.2762307"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-007-9111-y"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2023.103300"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2023.103328"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"RapidAn enhanced version of id for mapping with AI","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Big data analytics in the cloud with free public datasets","author":"Tribble","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Bing maps global building footprints released","author":"Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"239","article-title":"Spatio-temporal analysis of urban expansion using remote sensing data","volume":"17","author":"Dereli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Multidisciplinary Sci. GeoConference: SGEM"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/isprsarchives-XL-1-W5-129-2015"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12156-2_20"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2023.103332"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"hotosm\/osm-analytics: Osm analytics lets you interactively analyze how specific OpenStreetMap features are mapped in a specific region","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Mapping buildings with help from machine learning","author":"Wronkiewicz","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1802.02611"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Mapping the electric grid","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Microsoft releases 125 million building footprints in the us as open data","author":"Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2018.11.010"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11151799"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Building high resolution maps for humanitarian aid and development with weakly-and semi-supervised learning","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE\/CVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. Workshops","author":"Bonafilia","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwx106"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Meet robosat","author":"Hofmann","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24694452.2020.1768822"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"How to: Extract roads from satellite imagery using arcgis.learn","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"fAIr: AI-assisted mapping","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109477"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2022.2041643"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31223\/X5HQ1P","article-title":"ChatGPT as a mapping assistant: A novel method to enrich maps with generative AI and content derived from street-level photographs","volume-title":"Proc. Spatial Data Sci. Symp. 2023 Paper Proc.","author":"Juhsz","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10040624"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2019.100536"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Machine learning","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Automated edits code of conduct","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Automating the crowd-mapping workflow with deep learning","author":"Niroshan","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-08017-3_9"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-34612-5_13"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCBDA49378.2020.9095657"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40965-018-0047-6"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3366030.3366094"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Osi2GeoJSONConverts OSI shapefile into collection of GeoJSONs","author":"Niroshan","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-06245-2_3"},{"key":"ref51","volume-title":"Leaflet. js Essentials","author":"Paul Crickard","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/agile-giss-3-11-2022"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"What is generative AI? everything you need to know","author":"Lawton","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLII-2-565-2018"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2019.8900330"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.632"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2969033.2969125"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-664X(72)80017-0"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"192","article-title":"Shape classification via contour matching using the perpendicular distance functions","volume":"1","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"FA-GANs: Facial attractiveness enhancement with generative adversarial networks on frontal faces","author":"He","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Quantitatively evaluating GANs with divergences proposed for training","author":"Im","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01231-1_14"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"1","article-title":"To transfer or not to transfer","volume-title":"Proc. NIPS Workshop Transfer Learn.","volume":"898","author":"Rosenstein","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Changeset","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Crowdai dataset","author":"Mohanty","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"SpaceNet: A remote sensing dataset and challenge series","author":"Etten","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/4609443\/10766875\/11045930.pdf?arnumber=11045930","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T20:58:53Z","timestamp":1771534733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11045930\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":66,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jstars.2025.3581499","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1404","type":"print"},{"value":"2151-1535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}