{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T03:24:26Z","timestamp":1769570666947,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Resource Geophysics Academy at Imperial College London"},{"name":"Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan"},{"name":"European Union – NextGenerationEU"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jstars.2025.3611136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T17:31:24Z","timestamp":1758130284000},"page":"24676-24689","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["AI-Empowered Latent Four-dimensional Variational Data Assimilation for River Discharge Forecasting"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7835-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resource Geophysics Academy, Imperial College London, London, U.K."}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Bertoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy"}]},{"given":"Sibo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEREA, ENPC, and EDF R&D, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Schr\u00f6ter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leichtweiß-Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources, Division Hydrology and River Basin Management, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Enrica","family":"Caporali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Piggott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1044-4348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanghua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resource Geophysics Academy, Imperial College London, London, U.K."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9471-0585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Arcucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K."}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"2023: Disasters in numbers","volume-title":"CRED","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2016EF000485"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"GAR 2022: Our world at risk","volume-title":"UNDRR","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"HEC-HMS","volume-title":"U. A. C. of Engineers"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Soil & water assessment tool","volume-title":"multiple"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810802549154"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801884-2.00011-6"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-17-1161-2013"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18178\/ijesd.2019.10.10.1190"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-22-6005-2018"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019WR026065"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023WR035618"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02626667.2015.1031761"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02626667.2019.1620507"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"GAR special report 2024 forensic insights for future resilience learning from past disasters","volume-title":"UNDRR","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"278","article-title":"The monetary benefit of early flood warnings in Europe","volume-title":"Environ. Sci. Policy","volume":"51","author":"Pappenberger","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-25-4995-2021"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2022.3147429"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.119825"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2025.103255"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2004.06.009"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/asr-14-271-2017"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-18-4325-2014"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"29","article-title":"Variational data assimilation: Theory and overview","volume-title":"Proc. ECMWF Seminar Recent Develop. Data Assimilation Atmos. Ocean","author":"Rabier","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021MS002521"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e24020264"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2024.102523"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-16-2119-2023"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2023.3268006"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.05.028"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470848944.hsa253"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2020.125019"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2023.129944"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121202"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/hydrology9110202"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/299\/1\/012037"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w14111794"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2018.11.069"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/hydro.2020.040"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/hydro.2024.061"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11031114"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2021.101525"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2023.123537"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127647"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref45","first-page":"3371","article-title":"Stacked denoising autoencoders: Learning useful representations in a deep network with a local denoising criterion","volume":"11","author":"Vincent","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2022.111302"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-77977-1_30"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-15-3433-2022"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2018.10.042"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2024.117339"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2023.112581"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"River discharge and related historical data from the European flood awareness system, v5.0","author":"Mazzetti","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-13-4529-2021"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-97567-7_4"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Data assimilation in the latent space of a neural network","author":"Amendola","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Decoupled weight decay regularization","author":"Loshchilov","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-021-00402-2"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24574-4_28"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2024.109359"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2009.08.003"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-17-5197-2013"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-19-309-2015"}],"container-title":["IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/4609443\/10766875\/11168820.pdf?arnumber=11168820","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:38:06Z","timestamp":1759945086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11168820\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":64,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jstars.2025.3611136","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1404","type":"print"},{"value":"2151-1535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}