{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T05:20:05Z","timestamp":1781500805882,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000807","name":"European GNSS Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union's Fundamental","award":["GSA\/GRANT\/01\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSA\/GRANT\/01\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Systems Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jsyst.2018.2883752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T00:33:40Z","timestamp":1545093220000},"page":"2118-2129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Synchronization of Critical Infrastructures Dependent Upon GNSS: Current Vulnerabilities and Protection Provided by New Signals"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0514-4148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Falletti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5275-2138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Margaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Marucco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6504-8414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Motella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5282-2677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Nicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6914-3040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Pini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Galileo navigation message authentication specification for signal-in-space testing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ref ARES(2016)6620281"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"26","article-title":"What is navigation message authentication?","volume":"13","author":"petovello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inside GNSS"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-016-0548-7"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcip.2012.09.003"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.14"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Ships fooled in GPS spoofing attack suggested Russian cyberweapon","author":"hambling","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Scientist"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2016.02.006"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2011.2158032"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2011.5705684"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2016.14797"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Spoofer and detector: Battle of the titans at sea","author":"cameron","year":"2014","journal-title":"GPS World"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.125"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Going up against time","author":"humphreys","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"3569","article-title":"The Texas spoofing test battery: Toward a standard for evaluating GPS signal authentication techniques","author":"humphreys","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Tech Meeting Satellite Div Inst Navig"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/127072"},{"key":"ref14","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Galileo Commercial Service Implementation Decision: Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017\/224 of 8 February 2017","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Improving the operation and development of Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment used by critical infrastructures","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Responsible use of GPS for critical infrastructure","author":"skey","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref18","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017\/574 of 7 June 2016 supplementing Directive 2014\/65\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical standards for the level of accuracy of business clocks","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"8","article-title":"Characterization of GNSS jammers","volume":"ix","author":"borio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Coordinates"},{"key":"ref4","author":"dovis","year":"2015","journal-title":"GNSS Interference Threats and Countermeasures"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"430","article-title":"Survey of in-car jammers - analysis and modeling of the RF signals and IF samples (suitable for active signal cancelation)","author":"kraus","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 24th Int Tech Meeting Satellite Div Inst Navig"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2008\/114\/EC of 8 December 2008 on the identification and designation of European critical infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve their protection","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2016.2543266"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2016.2526658"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0373463308005213"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Drone hack: Spoofing attack demonstration on a civilian unmanned aerial vehicle","author":"shepard","year":"2012","journal-title":"GPS World"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"UAVs vulnerable to civil GPS spoofing","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inside GNSS"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"GNSS vulnerable: What to do?","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"UT Austin researchers successfully spoof an $80 million yacht at sea","year":"0"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"GPS pioneer warns on network's security","author":"jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Financial Times"},{"key":"ref20","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref22","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Timing and synchronization for LTE-TDD and LTE-advance mobile networks","year":"0"},{"key":"ref24","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref23","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2017.2715898"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"34","article-title":"GNSS jamming in the name of privacy","volume":"7","author":"pullen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inside GNSS"}],"container-title":["IEEE Systems Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/4267003\/8811839\/08579173.pdf?arnumber=8579173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T21:13:16Z","timestamp":1657746796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8579173\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jsyst.2018.2883752","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8184","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-9234","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-7816","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}}}