{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:23:04Z","timestamp":1787012584017,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Systems Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jsyst.2020.2991678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T16:21:46Z","timestamp":1589991706000},"page":"3642-3653","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A Comparative Study of Asynchronous and Synchronous OCDMA Systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1376-829X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hichem","family":"Mrabet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelhamid","family":"Cherifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago","family":"Raddo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0910-4722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iyad","family":"Dayoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9641-5520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shyqyri","family":"Haxha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2008.925680"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app8101861"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICP.2011.6106828"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2011.04.002"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"337","article-title":"Three dimensional optical CDMA framework with direct detection technique","volume":"77","author":"panda","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Scientific News"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.31182"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"589","article-title":"Performance enhancement of the three dimensional OCDMA systems based on a new code","volume":"81","author":"kadhim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Theor Appl Inf Technol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2012.11.061"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/STA.2014.7086673"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2016.2586527"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2006.878835"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2009.05.070292"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2017.08.003"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-015-2869-1"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2002.805780"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2014.04.082"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2005.859407"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2013.04.001"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2012.08.067"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1282","article-title":"Performance analysis of 2D Multi-diagonal code for OCDMA system","volume":"3","author":"singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Res J Eng Technol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-017-1101-9"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2007.463"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.1.000204"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTON.2010.5548936"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-017-2816-4"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119941330"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"33","article-title":"New method for the construction of optical zero cross correlation code using block matrices in OCDMA-OFDM system","volume":"8","author":"cherifi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Telecommun Electron Comput Eng"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-opt.2018.5090"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACP.2018.8595900"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2017.02.002"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2018.2851138"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2010.08.100585"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2005.856290"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"157","article-title":"CDMA in low earth orbit satellites small satellites for earth observation","author":"rohi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc 3rd Int Symp IAA"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139206914"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"944","article-title":"Coherent and inter symbol in digital fiber optic communication system","volume":"18","author":"saleh","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Quantum"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITW.2011.6089370"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.1358"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPCC.2017.8269665"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"2653","article-title":"Design and performance analysis of 3D W\/T\/P MPR OCDMA System","volume":"4","author":"sihmar","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2018-0052"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2018.07.078"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.OE.58.3.035101"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2017.09.015"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-020-2246-5"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1587\/elex.9.1829"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"299","article-title":"Performance analysis of a novel coding technique for SAC-OCDMA","volume":"6","author":"panda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Emerg Trends Comput Inf Sci"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.679.30"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11107-018-0796-2"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9790\/2834-09235560"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2019.01.048"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.7.001084"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2015.2510330"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-opt.2018.5042"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.57.001569"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2015.02.016"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-opt.2016.0142"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-opt.2016.0044"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2009.2026293"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Performance analysis of OCDMA systems with 2-D optical codes in MMF channels","author":"mrabet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc TELECOM2013 8th JFMMA"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19950202"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTONMW.2007.4446956"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11863854_4"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2010.04.080504"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OSAC.2.001524"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTON.2012.6254425"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"5614","article-title":"Cardinality enhancement using flexible cross correlation (FCC) code for spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access systems","volume":"8","author":"rashidi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Sci Res"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2017.2705035"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/50.749379"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app8122408"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2014-0079"},{"key":"ref3","author":"prucnal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Optical Code Division Multiple Access Fundamentals and Applications"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2019.06.008"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2593398"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2016.1008"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2005.856302"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2009.03.079"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.111444"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.osn.2019.100542"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2011.04.002","article-title":"Development of a new code family based on SAC-OCDMA system with large cardinality for OCDMA network","volume":"17","author":"hussein abd","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt Fiber Technol"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICP.2011.6106864"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2019.04.017"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11801-014-4086-7"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2010.05.025"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2018.11.007"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-019-1910-0"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"226","article-title":"Cardinality enhancement of SAC-OCDMA system using new diagonal double weight code","volume":"6","author":"imtiaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Commun Netw Inf Secur"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICED.2016.7804712"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2014.01.002"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2017.07.057"}],"container-title":["IEEE Systems Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/4267003\/9523781\/09097416.pdf?arnumber=9097416","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T10:52:31Z","timestamp":1652179951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9097416\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jsyst.2020.2991678","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8184","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-9234","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-7816","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}}}