{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T15:55:58Z","timestamp":1781798158246,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022491","name":"Max Planck ETH Center for Learning Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation under the NCCR Automation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Control Syst. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/lcsys.2024.3406943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T17:35:45Z","timestamp":1717004145000},"page":"1198-1210","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Toward a Systems Theory of Algorithms"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9649-5305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"D\u00f6rfler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Automatic Control Laboratory, ETH Z&#x00FC;rich, Z&#x00FC;rich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9413-5333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automatic Control Laboratory, ETH Z&#x00FC;rich, Z&#x00FC;rich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8892-1466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Belgioioso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automatic Control Laboratory, ETH Z&#x00FC;rich, Z&#x00FC;rich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7935-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saverio","family":"Bolognani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automatic Control Laboratory, ETH Z&#x00FC;rich, Z&#x00FC;rich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6159-1962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Lygeros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automatic Control Laboratory, ETH Z&#x00FC;rich, Z&#x00FC;rich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7764-3069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Muehlebach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, T&#x00FC;bingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Linear Estimation","author":"Kailath","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE49875.2021.9637441"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC49753.2023.10384198"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2022.3157115"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.1996.503147"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3795(91)90021-N"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Deep learning theory review: An optimal control and dynamical systems perspective","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1908.10920"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"A unified switching system perspective and convergence analysis of Q-learning algorithms","volume-title":"Proc. 34th NeurIPS","author":"Lee"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Dynamical systems and machine learning","author":"Li","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009051873"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9780898718669"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2012.2225513"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2006.12.028"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962492906340019"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/imamat\/11.2.171"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"Dynamical Systems and Numerical Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Stuart","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/S0363012902400713"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781139061759"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3037-6"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-1098(03)00179-1"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471669784"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2023.111481"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-1098(85)90110-4"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"Stable Adaptive Systems","author":"Annaswamy","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Adaptive Control","author":"\u00c5strom","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2022.3157119"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Studies in Linear and Nonlinear Programming","author":"Arrow","year":"1958"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","first-page":"3407","article-title":"Optimization with momentum: Dynamical, control-theoretic, and symplectic perspectives","volume":"22","author":"Muehlebach","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Nonlinear Systems","author":"Khalil","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC49753.2023.10384074"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC49753.2023.10383282"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC49753.2023.10384170"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"7088","article-title":"Continuous-time lower bounds for gradient-based algorithms","volume-title":"Proc. ICML","author":"Muehlebach"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCNS.2020.2988009"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCSYS.2017.2722406"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2011.6161503"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref37","first-page":"367","article-title":"A method for solving a convex programming problem with convergence rate O(1\/K^{2})","volume":"27","author":"Nesterov","year":"1983","journal-title":"Sov. Math. Doklady"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2020.3003156"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2022.3176795"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"615","article-title":"On convergence proofs on perceptrons","volume-title":"Proc. Symp. Math. Theory Automata","author":"Novikoff"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"21","article-title":"A theoretical framework for back-propagation","volume-title":"Proc. Connect. Models Summer School","author":"LeCun"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471200611"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"3084","article-title":"Theoretical guarantees for sampling and inference in generative models with latent diffusions","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Learn. Theory","author":"Tzen"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"1","article-title":"An optimal control perspective on diffusion-based generative modeling","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS Workshop Score-Based Methods","author":"Berner"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"State space models as foundation models: A control theoretic overview","author":"Alonso","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2403.16899"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Mamba: Linear-time sequence modeling with selective state spaces","author":"Gu","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2312.00752"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-0507-7","volume-title":"L2-Gain and Passivity Techniques in Nonlinear Control","author":"Van der Schaft","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"130","volume-title":"Large-Scale Dynamic Systems: Stability and Structure","volume":"129","author":"\u0160lijak","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2021.3139745"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3523227.3546769"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3604915.3608778"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2020.108973"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2011.2108450"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2024.100941"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Online feedback equilibrium seeking","author":"Belgioioso","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2210.12088"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2009.10.021"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/16M1084316"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"A unifying system theory framework for distributed optimization and games","author":"Carnevale","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2401.12623"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2020.3005922"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00992696"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/37.257890"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2024.3410890"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC40024.2019.9029824"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2023.10.1295"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGTEUROPE56780.2023.10408057"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPE.2020.3014540"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2016.2571982"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"Performative prediction: Past and future","author":"Hardt","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2310.16608"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3617694.3623227"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2023.3291638"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2020.3000182"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2023.3310302"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"Control for societal-scale challenges: Roadmap 2030","author":"Annaswamy","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2024.3382376"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/2600000014"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2023.3291885"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/2300000053"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2004.11.021"},{"key":"ref79","article-title":"Decision-focused learning: Foundations, state of the art, benchmark and future opportunities","author":"Mandi","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2307.13565"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2024.03.020"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/37.980245"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3166\/ejc.9.159-176"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2006.887322"},{"key":"ref84","article-title":"Towards a theory of control architecture: A quantitative framework for layered multi-rate control","author":"Matni","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2401.15185"},{"key":"ref85","article-title":"Augmented lagrangian methods as layered control architectures","author":"Srikanthan","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2311.06404"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rnc.7475"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008739929481"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/43.898830"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC49753.2023.10383957"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-control-070220-100858"},{"key":"ref91","article-title":"An automatic system to detect equivalence between iterative algorithms","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2105.04684"},{"key":"ref92","article-title":"On equivalent optimization of machine learning methods","author":"Redman","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2302.09160"},{"key":"ref93","article-title":"Data-driven dissipativity analysis of optimization algorithms","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Conf. Decision Control","author":"Padoan"},{"key":"ref94","volume-title":"Symposium\u2014Systems theory of algorithms\u2014Part I","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["IEEE Control Systems Letters"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/7782633\/10411713\/10540567.pdf?arnumber=10540567","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T21:29:08Z","timestamp":1719350948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10540567\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":94,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/lcsys.2024.3406943","relation":{},"ISSN":["2475-1456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2475-1456","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}