{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T21:52:04Z","timestamp":1772661124668,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"WELLCOME TRUST","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["203148\/A\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203148\/A\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership","award":["EP\/R513064\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/R513064\/1"]}]},{"name":"MRC IAA 2021 Kings College London","award":["MR\/X502923\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/X502923\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/lra.2026.3664661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T20:51:31Z","timestamp":1771015891000},"page":"4745-4752","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toward AI Autonomous Navigation for Mechanical Thrombectomy Using Hierarchical Modular Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (HM-MARL)"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5486-8062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Robertshaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical and Interventional Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9364-3328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical and Interventional Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2162-3680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Karstensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBE, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical and Interventional Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical and Interventional Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5862-265X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. M. Hadi","family":"Sadati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9152-3194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Bergeles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical and Interventional Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2866-1324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Granados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical and Interventional Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0984-3998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. C.","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical and Interventional Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000001209"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02032-9"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1706442"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00163-X"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.040352"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"SSNAP annual report 2024","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-0579"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.020618"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.121.034865"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2502082558"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2016.12.011"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1239374"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"SSNAP annual report 2023","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.52243"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-024-03208-w"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-025-03339-8"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS47612.2022.9982168"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA40945.2020.9196912"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-022-02646-8"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1094","article-title":"Meta-world: A benchmark and evaluation for multi-task and meta reinforcement learning","volume-title":"Proc. 3rd Conf. Robot Learn.","author":"Yu","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2025.110844"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-025-03360-x"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-60990-0_12"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2018-014510"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/8415_2012_125"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2012.05.001"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC40787.2023.10340921"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cdbme-2022-0023"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31256\/HSMR25.58"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-05114-1_65"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-022-10299-x"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Technology readiness level  a white paper","author":"Mankins","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"2455","article-title":"Recurrent world models facilitate policy evolution","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Ha","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Mastering diverse domains through world models","author":"Hafner","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"8387","article-title":"TD-MPC2: Scalable, robust world models for continuous control","volume-title":"Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Hansen","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2023.05.014"}],"container-title":["IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/7083369\/11400564\/11395986-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/7083369\/11400564\/11395986.pdf?arnumber=11395986","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T20:51:44Z","timestamp":1772657504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11395986\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/lra.2026.3664661","relation":{},"ISSN":["2377-3766","2377-3774"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2377-3766","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2377-3774","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}}}