{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T20:10:39Z","timestamp":1780517439095,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space"},{"name":"Robotics Institute Germany"},{"name":"BMFTR","award":["16ME0997K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16ME0997K"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRK 2428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRK 2428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023863","name":"Munich Center for Machine Learning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023863","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/lra.2026.3693992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T19:55:08Z","timestamp":1778874908000},"page":"8331-8338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CLARE: Continual Learning for Vision-Language-Action Models via Autonomous Adapter Routing and Expansion"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2283-3161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"R\u00f6mer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3794-7048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1415-9268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4012-4668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela P.","family":"Schoellig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2019.01.012"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00004-Y"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-025-01050-6"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07711-7"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"2679","article-title":"OpenVLA: An open-source vision-language-action model","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Robot Learn.","author":"Kim","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"17","article-title":"$\\pi _{0.5}$: A vision-language-action model with open-world generalization","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Robot Learn.","author":"Intelligence","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"3736","article-title":"FLOWER: Democratizing generalist robot policies with efficient vision-language-action flow policies","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Robot Learn.","author":"Reuss","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"SmolVLA: A vision-language-action model for affordable and efficient robotics","author":"Shukor","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15607\/RSS.2024.XX.120"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"6892","article-title":"Open X-Embodiment: Robotic learning datasets and RT-X models","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robot. Automat.","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(99)01294-2"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Gradient episodic memory for continual learning","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Lopez-Paz","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"On tiny episodic memories in continual learning","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"838","article-title":"Lifelong robotic reinforcement learning by retaining experiences","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Lifelong Learn. Agents","author":"Xie","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"16330","article-title":"TAIL: Task-specific adapters for imitation learning with large pretrained models","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Liu","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52734.2025.00943"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Dynamic mixture of progressive parameter-efficient expert library for lifelong robot learning","author":"Lei","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"649","article-title":"Sparse diffusion policy: A sparse, reusable, and flexible policy for robot learning","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Robot Learn.","author":"Wang","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"6840","article-title":"Denoising diffusion probabilistic models","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Ho","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Flow matching for generative modeling","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Lipman","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"PaLI-3 vision language models: Smaller, faster, stronger","author":"Chen","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Data scaling laws in imitation learning for robotic manipulation","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Lin","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2025.3540889"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1611835114"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"3987","article-title":"Continual learning through synaptic intelligence","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Zenke","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00810"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Progressive neural networks","author":"Rusu","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"LoRA: Low-rank adaptation of large language models","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Hu","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA57147.2024.10611129"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2022.3146589"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Analytic task scheduler: Recursive least squares based method for continual learning in embodied foundation models","author":"Xie","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Lifelong imitation learning with multimodal latent replay and incremental adjustment","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE\/CVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit.","author":"Yu","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/075280-1939"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15607\/RSS.2023.XIX.026"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Outrageously large neural networks: The sparsely-gated mixture-of-experts layer","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Shazeer","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-long.70"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"17359","article-title":"Locating and editing factual associations in GPT","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Meng","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.446"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"SAFE: Multitask failure detection for vision-language-action models","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Gu","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Failure prediction at runtime for generative robot policies","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Rmer","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/rap.2026.3690413"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA55743.2025.11127493"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00387"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"DINOv2: Learning robust visual features without supervision","author":"Oquab","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trans. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"8748","article-title":"Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Radford","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Don\u2019t forget, there is more than forgetting: New metrics for continual learning","volume-title":"Proc. Continual Learn. Workshop Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Dz-Rodruez","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"27730","article-title":"Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Ouyang","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/7083369\/11520964\/11520663.pdf?arnumber=11520663","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T19:44:19Z","timestamp":1780515859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11520663\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/lra.2026.3693992","relation":{},"ISSN":["2377-3766","2377-3774"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2377-3766","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2377-3774","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}