{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:33:27Z","timestamp":1763037207075},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/mc.2018.3191256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]],"date-time":"2018-08-14T18:31:07Z","timestamp":1534271467000},"page":"44-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Online Trolling Ecosystem"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Hal","family":"Berghel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Berleant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas at Little Rock"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref33","author":"poole","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Polarization of the Congressional Parties"},{"key":"ref32","author":"voeten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Polarization and Inequality"},{"key":"ref31","author":"klein","year":"2015","journal-title":"What Is Political Polarization?"},{"key":"ref30","author":"kinzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Overthrow America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq"},{"key":"ref35","author":"schwartau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Time Based Security"},{"key":"ref34","author":"coursey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Russia's Plan for World Domination&#x2014;and America's Unwitting Cooperation with It"},{"key":"ref10","author":"stewart","year":"2018","journal-title":"The 9 9 Percent Is the New American Aristocracy"},{"key":"ref11","author":"turchin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ages of Discord A Structural-Demographic Analysis of American History"},{"key":"ref12","author":"adorno","year":"1950","journal-title":"The authoritarian personality"},{"key":"ref13","author":"altemeyer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Right-Wing Authoritarianism"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/per.614"},{"key":"ref15","author":"rosling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Factfulness Ten Reasons We're Wrong about the World&#x2014;and Why Things Are Better than You Think"},{"key":"ref16","author":"graham-harrison","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cambridge Analytica Execs Boast of Role in getting Donald Trump Elected"},{"key":"ref17","author":"wheeler","year":"2018","journal-title":"What Did Mueller Achieve with the Internet Research Agency Indictment?"},{"key":"ref18","author":"apuzzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"13 Russians Indicted as Mueller Reveals Effort to Aid Trump Campaign"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2017.74"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2018.2141019"},{"key":"ref4","author":"sweeney","year":"2000","journal-title":"Twenty-Five Ways to Suppress Truth The Rules of Disinformation"},{"key":"ref27","author":"reed","year":"1999","journal-title":"That Sneaky Exponential&#x2014;Beyond Metcalfe's Law to the Power of Community Building"},{"key":"ref3","author":"martin","year":"0","journal-title":"Thirteen Techniques for Truth Suppression"},{"key":"ref6","author":"houston","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spy the Lie Former CIA Officers Teach You How to Detect Deception"},{"key":"ref29","author":"blum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Killing Hope US Military and CIA Interventions since World War II updated and rev Ed"},{"key":"ref5","author":"sweeney","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eight Traits of the Disinformationalist"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"298","article-title":"Who Goes Trump? Tyranny as a Triumph of Narcissism","author":"mika","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump 27 Psychiatrists and Mental Health Experts Assess a President"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2018.1151023"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"101","article-title":"As We MayThink","volume":"176","author":"bush","year":"1945","journal-title":"The Atlantic Monthly"},{"key":"ref9","author":"dionne","year":"2017","journal-title":"One Nation after Trump A Guide for the Perplexed the Disillusioned the Desperate and the Not-Yet Deported"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2018.1731067"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7249\/PE198"},{"key":"ref22","author":"bennett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Beyond the Headlines RAND's Christopher Paul Discusses the Russian &#x2018;Firehose of Falsehood &#x2019;"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"The Unlikely Origins of Russia's Manifest Destiny","author":"clover","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foreign Policy"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818717"},{"key":"ref23","author":"shuster","year":"2018","journal-title":"A Former Russian Troll Explains How to Spread Fake News"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2013.374"},{"key":"ref25","author":"metz","year":"2018","journal-title":"IBM Unveils System That'Debates' with Humans"}],"container-title":["Computer"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/2\/8436391\/08436403.pdf?arnumber=8436403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T19:48:31Z","timestamp":1651780111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8436403\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mc.2018.3191256","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9162","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0814","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}}}