{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T10:32:31Z","timestamp":1775903551263,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-009"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-001"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/mc.2022.3141228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T19:41:40Z","timestamp":1647373300000},"page":"95-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Data Privacy Considerations for Central Bank Digital Currencies in Asia\u2013Pacific Countries"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Nir","family":"Kshetri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina, Greensboro"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Loukoianova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Monetary Fund"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref33","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exploring anonymity in central bank digital currencies"},{"key":"ref32","author":"richards","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retail Central Bank Digital Currency Design considerations rationales and implications"},{"key":"ref31","author":"partz","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Zealand central bank releases issue paper on digital currency"},{"key":"ref30","year":"2020","journal-title":"Central Bank Digital Currency The future of payments for corporates"},{"key":"ref34","author":"k\u00e4rnfelt","year":"2017","journal-title":"China&#x2019;s tight capital controls fail to address underlying problems"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Marshallese Sovereign (SOV) Fair sustainable money version 1 3"},{"key":"ref11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Results of the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) for business prototype development project"},{"key":"ref12","author":"fronde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bank of Thailand plans real-world test of digital currency in 2022"},{"key":"ref13","author":"takemiya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cambodia&#x2019;s digital currency can show other central banks the way"},{"key":"ref14","year":"2020","journal-title":"Project Bakong next generation payment system"},{"key":"ref15","author":"huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"China&#x2019;s DCEP project launches biggest digital Yuan test yet"},{"key":"ref16","author":"ruolin","year":"2020","journal-title":"China&#x2019;s government-backed digital currency explained"},{"key":"ref17","year":"2005","journal-title":"TechTarget binary file"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CMPCON.1989.301899"},{"key":"ref19","author":"kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can China&#x2019;s DCEP challenge Bitcoin?"},{"key":"ref4","year":"0","journal-title":"Central bank digital currencies[EB\/OL]"},{"key":"ref28","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bank of Thailand to use enterprise Ethereum for retail CBDC prototype with ConsenSys"},{"key":"ref3","author":"reynolds","year":"2021","journal-title":"The missing legal framework for central bank digital currencies"},{"key":"ref27","author":"stangarone","year":"2021","journal-title":"South Korea&#x2019;s forward-thinking digital currency pilot program"},{"key":"ref6","author":"yeung","year":"2021","journal-title":"China digital currency When will the e-Yuan be launched and what will it be used for?"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5089\/9781484384572.006"},{"key":"ref29","author":"dawson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Announcing Hyperledger Besu"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2021","journal-title":"Digital Currency (name tentative (DCJPY))"},{"key":"ref7","author":"kania","year":"2021","journal-title":"Will China pave the way for large-scale CBDC usage?"},{"key":"ref2","author":"schwartz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Data privacy and data security What&#x2019;s the difference"},{"key":"ref1","author":"kiff","year":"2021","journal-title":"CBDCs for the people? Where the current state of digital currency research leads A look at Central Bank digital currency studies and where they might lead"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Japan explores digital currency but is loathe to commit"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"China&#x2019;s digital yuan: Motivations of the Chinese government and potential global effects","author":"kshetri","year":"0","journal-title":"J Contemporary China"},{"key":"ref22","author":"work","year":"2020","journal-title":"China&#x2019;s DCEP will be the world&#x2019;s Sputnik money moment"},{"key":"ref21","author":"goh","year":"2019","journal-title":"China&#x2019;s proposed digital currency more about policing than progress"},{"key":"ref24","year":"2020","journal-title":"Central Bank Digital currencies Viewpoints from Tokyo and Washington"},{"key":"ref23","year":"2020","journal-title":"The release of the Bank of Japan&#x2019;s approach to Central Bank Digital Currency"},{"key":"ref26","author":"bovaird","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blockchain executive sheds light on bank of Korea CBDC Trial"},{"key":"ref25","year":"0","journal-title":"Japanese Consortium plans to issue bank deposit-like digital Yen by end of next year"}],"container-title":["Computer"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/2\/9734242\/09734266.pdf?arnumber=9734266","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T19:52:20Z","timestamp":1658778740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9734266\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mc.2022.3141228","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9162","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0814","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}}}