{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T10:11:53Z","timestamp":1767262313570,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/mc.2025.3611745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T18:32:38Z","timestamp":1765305158000},"page":"137-143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nepal\u2019s Path to AI: Policy, Implementation, and Low-Resource Language Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1408-4212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nir","family":"Kshetri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fulbright Scholar, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3595-3141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Govinda","family":"Tamang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Tribhuvan University (SOMTU), Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roshendra","family":"Khadka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Tribhuvan University (SOMTU), Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"volume-title":"Sizing the prize: Whats the real value of AI for your business and how can you capitalise?","year":"2017","key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Visualizing global AI investment by country","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Visual Capitalist"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"How some of the biggest U.S. companies are using AI to cut workers","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"CNBC"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"U.S. chamber report: Small businesses rapidly adopting AI despite regulatory concerns","author":"Esfandiari","year":"2025","journal-title":"IPWatchdog"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in Nepals public administration: AIs impact on governance","author":"Dahal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lok Sewa Tayari App"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Nepal rolls out ambitious AI policy","author":"Prasain","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Kathmandu Post"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Nepals AI policy: Digital divide and implementational challenges","author":"Dahal","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Himalayan Times"},{"journal-title":"New Business Age","article-title":"Embracing the age of AI, robotics and ML in Nepal","year":"2021","key":"ref8"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mitp.2025.3569009"},{"volume-title":"National population and housing census 2021: Languages in Nepal","year":"2025","key":"ref10"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1097198X.2024.2341496"},{"volume-title":"How to change your language setting in ChatGPT","year":"2025","key":"ref12"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Languages supported by ChatGPT","author":"Howarth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exploding Topics"},{"journal-title":"GPT-4 technical report","year":"2023","key":"ref14"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"ChatGPT voice chat Nepali: How to use AI voice interaction in Nepali","author":"Johnson","year":"2025","journal-title":"BytePlus"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-024-01287-w"},{"journal-title":"Microsoft Learn","article-title":"What is a BLEU score?","year":"2025","key":"ref17"},{"journal-title":"Tutorials Dojo","article-title":"BiLingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) score cheat sheet","year":"2025","key":"ref18"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"281","article-title":"Efforts towards developing a Tamang Nepali machine translation system","volume-title":"Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Natural Lang. Process. (ICON)","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Kathmandu University: New trilingual MT project for English, Nepali, and Tamang","author":"Aryal","year":"2025","journal-title":"ICT Frame"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Envisioning a trilingual machine translation system for the language Pairs  TamangEnglishNepali","volume-title":"Proc. LT4All Conf.","author":"Bal","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Nepal police to use AI for crime control","author":"Poudel","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Kathmandu Post"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Connect Kisan: AI-based voice advisory system revolutionizes Nepalese agriculture","author":"Aryal","year":"2025","journal-title":"ICT Frame"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Connect Kisan AI: PM Oli tests agricultural advisory system in Nepal","author":"Aryal","year":"2025","journal-title":"ICT Frame"},{"journal-title":"Global IME Bank","article-title":"How is AI changing the face of banking in Nepal?","year":"2025","key":"ref25"},{"volume-title":"Government AI readiness index 2024","year":"2024","key":"ref26"},{"journal-title":"ShareSansar","article-title":"MetLife Nepal clinches dual honors at insurance Asia awards 2024","year":"2024","key":"ref27"},{"journal-title":"ShareSansar","article-title":"MetLife Nepal introduces free health risk assessments via one by MetLife app","year":"2024","key":"ref28"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-2921(98)00048-8"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Data science and AI in Nepals HEIs curriculum","author":"Lamichhane","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Kathmandu Post"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Amid financial strain and policy gaps: Nepals 5G plans face uncertainty","author":"Adhikari","year":"2025","journal-title":"NewBiz Message"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"In preparation for SixG, there is no 5G in Nepal, an Asian country","author":"Baral","year":"2025","journal-title":"Kantipur Daily"},{"journal-title":"UNESCO","article-title":"Key Nepali stakeholders provide recommendations and directions for integrating AI in education in Nepal","year":"2024","key":"ref33"},{"volume-title":"\u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092e\u093e bitcoin \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0915\u093e cryptocurrency \u0939\u0930\u0941\u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b\/\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0926\u0948\u0928?","year":"2025","key":"ref34"},{"volume-title":"Evaluation of blockchain based cash transfer pilot in Nepal","year":"2023","key":"ref35"},{"journal-title":"The Himalayan Times","article-title":"Blockchain food traceability trial","year":"2020","key":"ref36"}],"container-title":["Computer"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/2\/11285890\/11285924.pdf?arnumber=11285924","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T06:01:29Z","timestamp":1765346489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11285924\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mc.2025.3611745","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0018-9162"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1558-0814"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}}}