{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:35:01Z","timestamp":1773664501607,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Mag."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/mcom.2002.1006983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,21]],"date-time":"2005-04-21T20:22:11Z","timestamp":1114114931000},"page":"138-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Optical fiber communication: from transmission to networking"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Ramaswami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective","author":"Green","year":"1998"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","first-page":"1151","article-title":"Dielectric-Fiber Surface Waveguides for Optical Frequencies","volume-title":"Proc. IEE","volume":"133","author":"Kao","year":"1966"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1653255"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"40","article-title":"Preparation of Low-Loss Optical Fibers Using Simultaneous Vapor Deposition and Fusion","volume-title":"Proc. 10th Int\u2019I. Congress on Glass","volume":"6","author":"MacChesney","year":"1974"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsac.1983.1145946"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.1983.1145947"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"404","article-title":"Japanese Field Trials and Applications In Telephohoy","volume":"1","author":"Ishio","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE JSAC"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.1983.1145949"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.1984.1073717"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.3.001182"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19870719"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.12.000888"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"One Terabit\/s Transmission Experiment","volume-title":"OFC\u201996 Technical Digest, 1996","author":"Gnauck"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"100 Gb\/s x 10 Channel OTDM\/WDM Transmission Using a Single Supercontinuum WDM Source","volume-title":"Ofc\u201996 Technical Digest","author":"Morioka","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"1.1 Tb\/s WDM Transmission over a 150 km 1.3 mm Zero-Dispersion Single-Mode Fiber","volume-title":"OFC\u201996 Technical Digest","author":"Onaka","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3.726600"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Multiprotocol Optical Fiber Multiplexor for Remote Site Interconnection","volume-title":"Proc. OFC 1995.","author":"Janniello"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"PD20\/1","article-title":"2.4 Tb\/s (120 x-20 Gb\/s) Transmission over Transoceanic Distance with optimum FEC Overhead and 48 Percent Spectral Efficiency","volume-title":"OFC 2001 Technical Digest","author":"Cai","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"PD21\/1","article-title":"1 Tb\/s (101 \u00d7 10 Gb\/s) Transmission over Transpacific Distance Using 28 nm C-band EDFAs","volume-title":"OFC 2001 Technical Digest","author":"Bakhshi","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"PD22\/1","article-title":"3 Tb\/s (300 \u00d7 11.6 Gb\/s) Transmission over 7380 km using 28 nm C+L-Band with 25 GHz Channel Spacing and NRZ Format","volume-title":"OFC 2001 Technical Digest","author":"Vareille","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"PD23\/1","article-title":"3.08 Tb\/s (77 \u00d7 42.7 Gb\/s) Transmission over 1200 km of Non-Zero Dispersion-Shifted Fiber with 100-km Spans using C- L-Band Distributed Raman Amplification","volume-title":"OFC 2001 Technical Digest","author":"Zhu","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"PD24\/1","article-title":"10.92 Tb\/s (273 \u00d7 40 Gb\/s) Triple band\/ultra dense WDM Optical-Repeatered Transmission Experiment","volume-title":"OFC 2001 Technical Digest","author":"Fukuchi","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"PD25\/1","article-title":"10.2 Tb\/s (256 \u00d7 42.7 Gb\/s PDM\/WDM) Transmission over 100 km TeraLight Fiber with 1.28 bit\/s\/Hz Spectral Efficiency","author":"Bigo","year":"2001","journal-title":"OFC 2001 Technical Digest"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Interface for the Optical Transport Network","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/35.948383"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/35.910598"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Architecture for Automatic Switched Transport Networks","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/35.868150"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"IEEE\/OSA J. Lightwave Tech","volume":"16","author":"Blumenthal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Special Issue on Photonic Packet Switching Technologies, Techniques and Systems"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2944.902198"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"Optical Networks - A Practical Perspective","author":"Ramaswani","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195108187.001.0001"},{"issue":"Millennium","key":"ref33","volume":"6","author":"Willner","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE J. Set. Topics Quantum Elect."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bltj.2214"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bltj.2213"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bltj.2212"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.725191"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Magazine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx5\/35\/21724\/01006983.pdf?arnumber=1006983","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T04:18:26Z","timestamp":1743308306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/1006983\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mcom.2002.1006983","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-6804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-6804","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}}}