{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:46:14Z","timestamp":1788450374058,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Mag."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/mcom.2007.4395378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,18]],"date-time":"2007-12-18T19:53:49Z","timestamp":1198007629000},"page":"136-142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Covert channels and countermeasures in computer network protocols [Reprinted from IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials]"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Zander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Armitage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Branch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30114-1_12","article-title":"Syntax and Semantics-Preserving Application-Layer Protocol Steganography","author":"lucena","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc 6th Info Hiding Wksp"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/11558859_19","article-title":"Embedding Covert Channels into TCP\/IP","author":"murdoch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc 7th Info Hiding Wksp"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"352","article-title":"The Pump: A Decade of Covert Fun","author":"kang","year":"2005","journal-title":"21st Annual Comp Sec Apps Conf"},{"key":"ref13","author":"gligor","year":"1993","journal-title":"A guide to understanding covert channel analysis of trusted systems"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CMPASS.1994.318449"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Network Intrusion Detection: Evasion, Traffic Normalization, and End-to-End Protocol Semantics","author":"handley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc 10th USENIX Sec Symp"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSAC.1993.315448"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2007.4317620"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-61996-8_29","article-title":"Hiding Data in the OSI Network Model","author":"handel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc 1st Int'l Wksp Info Hiding"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SECPRI.1999.766906"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.771065"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"51","article-title":"The Prisoners' Problem and the Subliminal Channel","author":"simmons","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc Advances in Cryptology"},{"key":"ref7","year":"1985","journal-title":"Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1987.233153"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/362375.362389"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-49380-8_25","article-title":"On Public-Key Steganography in the Presence of an Active Warden","author":"craver","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc 2nd Int'l Wksp Info Hiding"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Magazine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx5\/35\/4395351\/04395378.pdf?arnumber=4395378","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:20:06Z","timestamp":1642004406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/4395378\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mcom.2007.4395378","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-6804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-6804","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}}}