{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T01:04:48Z","timestamp":1782263088130,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/milcom64451.2025.11310048","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T18:35:33Z","timestamp":1767292533000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Navigating the Arctic Circle with Starlink and OneWeb LEO Satellites"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Will","family":"Barrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharbel","family":"Kozhaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaher M.","family":"Kassas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wilson Center,Washington D.C.,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24175529"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2021.9340116"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/navi.516"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/navi.657"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-024-01719-2"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/FUSION43075.2019.9011348"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"GPS spoofing: Final report of the GPS spoofing work-group","volume-title":"tech. rep.","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"GNSS jamming widespread in strait of Hormuz, ships collide","author":"Cozzens","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Did GPS interference create the conditions for the Azerbaijan airlines flight 8243 crash?","author":"Bennington","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2019.2957666"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/FUSION65864.2025.11124006"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2017.2715363"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/space.0191"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"State of the market report: Low Earth orbit positioning, navigation, and timing \u2013 2024 edition","volume-title":"tech. rep.","author":"Rubinov","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3406990"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2025.1592447"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-023-01466-w"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2024.3404909"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2024.3369693"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2025.3567037"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2025.3529404"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS53410.2023.10140066"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS61210.2025.11028189"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Phase - time method: Accurate Doppler","author":"Huang","journal-title":"Measurement for Iridium NEXT Signals, year = 2022, volume = 58, number = 6, pages = 5954\u20135962, note =,,\" IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2024.19891"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2019.8746485"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS61210.2025.11028466"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Rising tensions and shifting strategies: The evolving dynamics of US grand strategy in the Arctic","author":"Pechko","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Trump\u2019s threats push Greenlanders closer to Denmark","author":"Trofimov","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Why the space community should care about Arctic geopolitics","author":"Marsh","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"EU to upgrade GPS systems as Russian jamming efforts spark response","author":"Holler","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"China increasing interest in strategic Arctic region","author":"Garamone","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2024.3413998"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2023.3268610"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2023.3265951"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/navi.685"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2024.3410252"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471221279"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2023.3267440"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2024.3513286"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WiSEE61249.2024.10850237"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS61210.2025.11028247"}],"event":{"name":"MILCOM 2025 - 2025 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","location":"Los Angeles, CA, USA","start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]}},"container-title":["MILCOM 2025 - 2025 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/11309822\/11309347\/11310048.pdf?arnumber=11310048","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T05:46:04Z","timestamp":1767332764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11310048\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"references-count":42,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/milcom64451.2025.11310048","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]}}}