{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T18:21:18Z","timestamp":1776882078502,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IT Prof."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/mitp.2020.2967905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T19:44:19Z","timestamp":1617219859000},"page":"96-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Data Labeling for the Artificial Intelligence Industry: Economic Impacts in Developing Countries"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Nir","family":"Kshetri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref4","article-title":"A.I. is learning from humans. Many humans","author":"metz","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"These companies claim to provide “Fair-trade” data work. Do they?","author":"kaye","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"High school grads in China, India are better prepared for college","author":"sheehy","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"How cheap labor drives China's A.I. ambition","author":"yuan","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"India is trapping its young people","author":"bagri","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"AI promises jobs revolution but first it needs old-fashioned manual labour—from China","author":"dai","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Faces for cookware: Data collection industry flourishes as China pursues AI ambitions","author":"cadell","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"China Is achieving AI dominance by relying on young blue-collar workers","author":"wu","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Data-labelling startups want to help improve corporate AI","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Harnessing the future of AI in India","author":"ravi","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2019.2951851"}],"container-title":["IT Professional"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6294\/9390232\/09391741.pdf?arnumber=9391741","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T14:51:33Z","timestamp":1652194293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9391741\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mitp.2020.2967905","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9202","1941-045X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9202","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-045X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]}}}