{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T20:42:12Z","timestamp":1776890532056,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IT Prof."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/mitp.2026.3673383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T19:50:26Z","timestamp":1776801026000},"page":"14-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultimate Frontier Firms: How AI Redefines \u201cSpan of Control\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2924-2642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cai","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2343-9361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Pitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8860-7921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin","family":"Heilgenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3576-994X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Kietzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3099-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leyland","family":"Pitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1304-5211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Dabirian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Management of Tomorrow","author":"Urwick","year":"1933"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9299.1935.tb02984.x"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"The Elements of Administration","author":"Urwick","year":"1945"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Notes on the Theory of Organization","author":"Urwick","year":"1952"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","first-page":"39","article-title":"The managers span of control","volume":"34","author":"Urwick","year":"1956","journal-title":"Harvard Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Scientific Principles and Organization","author":"Urwick","year":"1938"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"General and Industrial Management","author":"Fayol","year":"1949"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203509241-12"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Bridging the AI divide: How frontier firms are transforming business","author":"Taylor","year":"2025","journal-title":"Official Microsoft Blog"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Agentic AI will change the structures of firms and markets","year":"2026","journal-title":"Information Matters"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w34468"}],"container-title":["IT Professional"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6294\/11488917\/11488961.pdf?arnumber=11488961","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T19:51:01Z","timestamp":1776887461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11488961\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mitp.2026.3673383","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9202","1941-045X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9202","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-045X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}}}