{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:38:42Z","timestamp":1792708722766,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/tdmrep.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Micro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/mm.2026.3682935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T19:35:53Z","timestamp":1776195353000},"page":"75-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accelerating Frontier MoE Training With 3-D Integrated Optics"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4271-2227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail","family":"Bernadskiy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lightmatter","place":["Mountain View, CA, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4304-251X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lightmatter","place":["Mountain View, CA, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0651-5324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lightmatter","place":["Mountain View, CA, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7020-8881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor","family":"Groves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lightmatter","place":["Mountain View, CA, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3082-8808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho","family":"John Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lightmatter","place":["Mountain View, CA, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Outrageously large neural networks: The sparsely-gated mixture-of-experts layer","author":"Shazeer","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/hoti66940.2025.00021"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jlt.2022.3219379"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Pushing energy efficiency limits in wireline communication","volume-title":"SSCS Wireline Workshop","author":"Tonietto","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref5","author":"Bunandar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Passage M1000: 3D photonic interposer for AI"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503221.3508418"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0167-8191(06)80021-9"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3577193.3593704"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"33,270","article-title":"Scaling laws for fine-grained mixture of experts","volume-title":"Proc. 41st Int. Conf. Mach. Learn. (ICML)","author":"Krajewski","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-long.70"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Megatron-LM: Training multi-billion parameter language models using model parallelism","author":"Shoeybi","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"GShard: Scaling giant models with conditional computation and automatic sharding","author":"Lepikhin","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["IEEE Micro"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/40\/11668449\/11481488.pdf?arnumber=11481488","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:12:27Z","timestamp":1792707147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11481488\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mm.2026.3682935","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-1732","1937-4143"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-1732","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-4143","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}