{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T03:28:05Z","timestamp":1779247685610,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61502018,61872331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61502018,61872331"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/mnet.103.2100339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T19:37:38Z","timestamp":1657741058000},"page":"174-182","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Bilayer Scalable Nakamoto Consensus Protocol for Blockchain Systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICT-CAS,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Technology,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dezhong","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chaincomp Technologies Co., Ltd.,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chaincomp Technologies Co., Ltd.,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baoxian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland,Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger","author":"Gavin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ethereum Project Yellow Paper"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"95","article-title":"Monoxide: Scale Out Blockchains With Asynchronous Consensus Zones","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX NSDI \u201819","author":"Wang","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2017.2748133"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"45","article-title":"Bitcoin-NG: A Scalable Blockchain Protocol","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX NSDI \u201816","author":"Eyal","year":"2016"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref6","first-page":"5723","article-title":"Enhancing Bitcoin Security and Performance with Strong Consistency via Collective Signing","volume":"37","author":"Kokoris-Kogias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Applied Mathematical Modelling"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"173","article-title":"Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX OSDI \u201899","author":"Castro","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Scaling Nakamoto Consensus to Thousands of Transactions per Second","author":"Li","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2019.8904404"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3318041.3355458"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems","author":"Merkle","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2016.38"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"The Tangle","author":"Popov","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3212998"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"GossipSub: A Secure PubSub Protocol for Unstructured, Decentralised P2P Overlays","author":"Vyzovitis","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["IEEE Network"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/65\/9829306\/09829371.pdf?arnumber=9829371","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T06:25:56Z","timestamp":1706768756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9829371\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mnet.103.2100339","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-8044","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-156X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}}}