{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T18:25:32Z","timestamp":1773512732848,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/mnet.2025.3540319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T13:38:21Z","timestamp":1739194701000},"page":"218-225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluating the Impact of Special Characters on Password Security: A Comparative Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3820-8128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daojing","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2110-2267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center, Guangzhou Jingyuan Security Technology Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8524-229X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sammy","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence Application, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8972-8094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Guizani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine Learning Department, Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2891411"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2019.05.015"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Draft NIST special publication 800-63-3 digital identity guidelines","author":"Grassi","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372297.3417882"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2022.2042384"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"191","article-title":"Evolution of password expiry in companies: Measuring the adoption of recommendations by the German federal office for information security","volume-title":"Proc. 19th Symp. Usable Privacy Secur.","author":"Gerlitz"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCES48766.2020.9137964"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"561","article-title":"Password policies of most top websites fail to follow best practices","volume-title":"Proc. 19th Symp. Usable Privacy Secur.","author":"Lee"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-0407-1_4"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2021.102560"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom50675.2020.00032"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2019.03.002"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c07745"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3367323"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/for.1125"}],"container-title":["IEEE Network"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/65\/11251071\/10879019.pdf?arnumber=10879019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T06:14:09Z","timestamp":1763446449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10879019\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mnet.2025.3540319","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-8044","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-156X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}}}