{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T19:46:45Z","timestamp":1777837605863,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-009"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-001"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Robot. Automat. Mag."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/mra.2020.3045067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T20:36:52Z","timestamp":1612557412000},"page":"28-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Using Robotics in Laboratories During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3846-8541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Courtney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7101-2776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul G.","family":"Royall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref71","author":"simmons","year":"0","journal-title":"Korean scientists develop COVID-19 testing bots as health care workers substitute Watch how it works"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22260\/ISARC2019\/0086"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.30.20142935"},{"key":"ref38","year":"0","journal-title":"SARS-COV-2 test tracker"},{"key":"ref33","author":"allen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Roadmap to Pandemic Resilience"},{"key":"ref32","year":"0","journal-title":"National biosample centre\/COVID-19 lighthouse laboratory Milton Keynes"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3336"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.20.106625"},{"key":"ref37","year":"0","journal-title":"SARS-COV-2 diagnostic pipeline"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.23.20077727"},{"key":"ref35","year":"0"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-02053-6"},{"key":"ref60","author":"beri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Robotics Opportunities for modern robotics in biologics manufacturing"},{"key":"ref62","year":"0","journal-title":"Vaccine-Preventable Diseases"},{"key":"ref61","year":"0"},{"key":"ref63","year":"0","journal-title":"List of vaccines used in United States"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/labmed-2019-0151"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30346-2"},{"key":"ref27","year":"0"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057755"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/014399102104413101"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2004999117"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139631"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2004973"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2020.1749229"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/01439911211203382"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00032718508066145"},{"key":"ref20","year":"0","journal-title":"China develops robot for throat swab sampling"},{"key":"ref22","year":"0","journal-title":"Firma aus Dorfprozelten entwickelt Roboterarm f&#x00FC;r Corona-Tests"},{"key":"ref21","year":"0","journal-title":"Danske forskere f&#x00F8;rst med robottest for corona"},{"key":"ref24","year":"0","journal-title":"World&#x2019;s first automatic swab robot"},{"key":"ref23","year":"0","journal-title":"Corona Quickborner Unternehmen entwickelt Test-Roboter"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TMRB.2020.3036461","article-title":"Design of a low-cost miniature robot to assist the COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab sampling","author":"wang","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01912-2020"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2018.2856282"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b04153"},{"key":"ref59","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insilico medicine and Arctoris collaborate on COVID-19 by combining robotics and AI"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-973X.96920"},{"key":"ref57","year":"0"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41403-020-00148-0"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.368.6488.221"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527800599"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2016.01.012"},{"key":"ref52","year":"0","journal-title":"COVID-19 treatment and vaccine tracker"},{"key":"ref10","year":"0","journal-title":"Robot automates COVID-19 testing"},{"key":"ref11","year":"0"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2016.002"},{"key":"ref12","year":"0"},{"key":"ref13","year":"0","journal-title":"Automated modules for pre- and post-analytical phases"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2472630320950663"},{"key":"ref15","year":"0","journal-title":"In vitro diagnostics"},{"key":"ref16","year":"0"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2211068211424550"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2006.073"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocy170"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74764-2_48"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2003.1248725"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2442-2"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2472630319827613"},{"key":"ref8","author":"mackenzie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Automation in Science Ebook"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"36","article-title":"New trends in intelligent robotics in the laboratory","volume":"21","author":"courtney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Pharm Rev"},{"key":"ref49","author":"huber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drones enlisted to fight corona virus in China"},{"key":"ref9","year":"0","journal-title":"Pathology networks"},{"key":"ref46","author":"knott","year":"2020","journal-title":"In Ghana drones help combat COVID-19 voice of America&#x2014;English"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12195-020-00629-w"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-020-00202-8"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138858"},{"key":"ref42","year":"0","journal-title":"Protube suite"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-020-0148-7"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"18","article-title":"The deployment of drones in sending drugs and patient blood samples COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"anggraeni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indonesian Journal of Science& Technology"},{"key":"ref43","author":"hutchinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drones in your biopharmaceutical supply chain&#x2013; are you ready?"}],"container-title":["IEEE Robotics &amp; Automation Magazine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/100\/9382150\/09348946.pdf?arnumber=9348946","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T14:50:58Z","timestamp":1652194258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9348946\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mra.2020.3045067","relation":{},"ISSN":["1070-9932","1558-223X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1070-9932","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-223X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}}}