{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T20:50:05Z","timestamp":1774558205390,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-009"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-001"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Robot. Automat. Mag."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/mra.2025.3639795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T19:54:47Z","timestamp":1774468487000},"page":"186-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Autonomous Ground Navigation in Highly Constrained Spaces: Lessons Learned From the Fourth BARN Challenge at ICRA 2025"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5151-2186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuesu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3491-8429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zifan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}]},{"given":"Saad Abdul","family":"Ghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2487-7849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aniket","family":"Datar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8009-2149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daeun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6795-420X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2328-8134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amna","family":"Mazen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8882-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamyab","family":"Yazdipaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA"}]},{"given":"Innocent","family":"Mateyaunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2475-2341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariam","family":"Faied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7992-1482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohan","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, USA"}]},{"given":"Yuanjie","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4310-1581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6067-162X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3874-901X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woosung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8449-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Reasoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4843-6375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohan","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6627-5048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Bezzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mra.2022.3213466"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mra.2023.3322920"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mra.2024.3427891"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Jackal UGV - Small weatherproof robot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clearpath"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ssrr50563.2020.9292572"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ssrr56537.2022.10018758"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/100.580977"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/robot.1993.291936"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra48891.2023.10160583"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros51168.2021.9636402"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra48506.2021.9561647"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"move_base","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"ICRA 2024 BARN challenge.","year":"2024","journal-title":"George Mason University"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"ICRA 2025 BARN challenge.","year":"2025","journal-title":"George Mason University"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"A two-stage tuning framework for fuzzy navigation: From intuitive FISVFH to robust S3-FISVFH","author":"Mazen","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra.2019.8793602"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/70.88137"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-022-01659-4"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3353186"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tssc.1968.300136"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros60139.2025.11246580"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra57147.2024.10610382"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA55743.2025.11128470"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tro.2021.3100142"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v25i1.7994"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tro.2025.3562482"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ecc.2019.8796030"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2009.2018319"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lra.2020.3002217"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra48506.2021.9561311"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lra.2021.3100940"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros51168.2021.9636185"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2022.104132"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10514-022-10039-8"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lra.2021.3057023"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra46639.2022.9812316"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra48891.2023.10161327"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ssrr53300.2021.9597689"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Learning real-world autonomous navigation by self-supervised environment synthesis","author":"Xu","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364919880273"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lra.2021.3090023"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros47612.2022.9982060"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros47612.2022.9981259"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra57147.2024.10610079"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lra.2024.3520919"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lra.2021.3058927"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra48506.2021.9562117"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lra.2021.3056373"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros60139.2025.11247157"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lra.2025.3559822"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"MOSU: Autonomous long-range robot navigation with multi-modal scene understanding","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. 19th Int. Symp. Exp. Robot. (ISER)"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros60139.2025.11247618"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros60139.2025.11245987"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros58592.2024.10802451"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra46639.2022.9811828"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros60139.2025.11246235"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros60139.2025.11245902"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros60139.2025.11247669"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros60139.2025.11246862"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lra.2025.3527285"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros58592.2024.10801650"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra55743.2025.11128598"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ssrr62954.2024.10770034"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros58592.2024.10802055"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra57147.2024.10611319"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lra.2024.3457369"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra57147.2024.10611710"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lra.2024.3511409"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"A study on learning social robot navigation with multimodal perception","author":"Panigrahi","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3647983"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3700599"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3583741"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lra.2022.3184025"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros55552.2023.10342447"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"1708","article-title":"Learning model predictive controllers with real-time attention for real-world navigation","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. 6th Conf. Robot Learn."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-62056-1_27"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"A protocol for validating social navigation policies","author":"Pirk","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra57147.2024.10610790"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros55552.2023.10341945"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iros47612.2022.9981753"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra.2018.8461113"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra.2017.7989037"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra55743.2025.11128438"}],"container-title":["IEEE Robotics &amp; Automation Magazine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/100\/11456130\/11456143.pdf?arnumber=11456143","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T19:49:08Z","timestamp":1774554548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11456143\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mra.2025.3639795","relation":{},"ISSN":["1070-9932","1558-223X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1070-9932","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-223X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}}}