{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:54:48Z","timestamp":1781650488216,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2215017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2215017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2214980"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2214980"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2046444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2046444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2215016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2215016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1750109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1750109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1900706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1900706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1918225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1918225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1951880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1951880"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2106263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2106263"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2106434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2106434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Secur. Privacy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/msec.2024.3372488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T19:54:53Z","timestamp":1710791693000},"page":"62-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Verifiable Sustainability in Data Centers"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9222-8544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Rafiul","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2091-7484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"McDaniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2351-6523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anshul","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanad","family":"Ghose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1078-4446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kartik","family":"Gopalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2240-3316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongyoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2768-3898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu David","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8026-4502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5248-9184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erez","family":"Zadok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mnet.011.1900573"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"645","article-title":"Graphene-SGX: A practical library OS for unmodified applications on SGX","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Annu. Tech. Conf. (USENIX ATC)","author":"Tsai","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11787006_1"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3630614.3630622"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Secure multi-party computation","author":"Goldreich","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/22145.22178"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/dasc.2011.110"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/sp46214.2022.9833672"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba3758"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2011.11.049"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2382196.2382264"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MASCOTS.2012.51"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1653662.1653687"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP51992.2021.00024"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40000.2020.00054"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"Why data centres are the new frontier in the fight against climate change","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/abfba1"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Achieving breakthrough results in sustainability."},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"Volkswagen: The scandal explained","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"Power requirements to train modern LLMs."},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"D-REC."},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Driving accountable sustainability in the consumer industry."},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"NSF 20-594: NSF\/VMware partnership on the next generation of sustainable digital infrastructure (NGSDI)","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"Overselling sustainability reporting","author":"Pucker","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"How much energy do data centers really use?"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"CO2e."},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"The bitcoin energy debate: Lessons from the data center industry.","author":"Miller"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Carbon emissions of data usage increasing, but what is yours?"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"AI power consumption exploding."},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Microsoft and 20 others call for carbon accounting standards."},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"Driverless cars: The dark side of autonomous vehicles that no ones talking about."},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Reading the runes: EU data center regulations are coming sooner than you think."},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"Federal sustainability plan: Catalyzing Americas clean energy industries and jobs","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"Theres more cheating going on in sustainability than you think","author":"Donaldson","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"CISA, Claroty highlight severe vulnerabilities in popular power distribution unit product","author":"Greig","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"Physical infrastructure cybersecurity: A growing problem for data centers."},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"Bug in the Linux kernel allows privilege escalation, container escape.","author":"Nelson"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"The Volkswagen diesel emissions scandal and accountability","author":"Jacobs","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Serious security: The Samba logon bug caused by outdated crypto","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"Heartbleed Bug."},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"A fully homomorphic encryption scheme","author":"Gentry","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["IEEE Security &amp; Privacy"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8013\/10799177\/10472566.pdf?arnumber=10472566","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T20:20:36Z","timestamp":1736886036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10472566\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/msec.2024.3372488","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-7993","1558-4046"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-7993","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-4046","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}}}