{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T15:07:34Z","timestamp":1777129654797,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Signal Process. Mag."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/msp.2004.1359139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,22]],"date-time":"2004-11-22T16:12:11Z","timestamp":1101139931000},"page":"12-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":368,"title":["Pilot-assisted wireless transmissions: general model, design criteria, and signal processing"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"21","author":[{"family":"Lang Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, USA"}]},{"given":"B.M.","family":"Sadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"family":"Min Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Time diversity for mobile satellite channels using trellis coded modulations","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Global Telecommunications","volume":"3","author":"Lodge","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.44580"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETEC.1989.40139"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/25.108378"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.392963"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"01","year":"1990","journal-title":"GSM Series"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"TIA\/EIA\/IS-136.1:TDMA Cellular\/PCS\u2014Radio Interface\u2014Mobile Station\u2014Base Station Compatibility\u2014Digital Control Channel","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2001","journal-title":"WCDMA"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2001","journal-title":"CDMA2000"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2001","journal-title":"HIPERLAN Type 2; Physical (PHY) Layer, HIPERLAN II"},{"key":"ref11","year":"1999","journal-title":"Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, IEEE802.11"},{"key":"ref12","year":"1999","journal-title":"Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications: High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band, IEEE802.11a"},{"key":"ref13","year":"1999","journal-title":"Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications: Higher-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 2.4 GHz Band, IEEE802.11b"},{"key":"ref14","year":"2001","journal-title":"Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television, DVB-T"},{"key":"ref15","year":"2001","journal-title":"ATSC Digital Television Standard (Revision B), Doc. A\/53B"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.746779"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.923716"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.720247"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.720551"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Optimal placement of known symbols for nonergodic broadcast channels","volume-title":"Proc. CISS 2002","author":"Adireddy","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Pilot assisted wireless transmissions\u2014References","author":"Tong"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"A novel pilot insertion-extraction technique based on spread spectrum affine precoders for reliable communications","volume-title":"Miami Technicon","author":"Makrakis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.1999.827587"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2000.861065"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2002.803340"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2002.806547"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2002.1005105"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2004.826182"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2002.807864"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.340469"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.720535"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Elements of Information Theory","author":"Cover","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.841172"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.995552"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.974258"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2003.809594"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2002.800466"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"Information Theory and Reliable Communication","author":"Gallager","year":"1968"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Principles of Digital Communication and Coding","author":"Viterbi","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"Detection, Estimation and Modulation Theory","volume":"1","author":"Trees","year":"1968"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Estimation Theory","author":"Kay","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref42","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Information Theory","author":"Blahut","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.782125"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.959289"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"BLAST training: Estimating channel characteristics for high capacity space-Time wireless","volume-title":"Proc. 37th Annu. Allerton Conf. Communication, Control and Computing.","author":"Marzetta","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Adaptive coding with pilot signals","volume-title":"Proc. 38th Annual Allerton Conf. Communication, Control and Computing.","author":"Medard","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.795826"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2002.1006563"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Cutoff rate analysis of the Gauss-Markov fading channel with binary inputs and partial CSI at the receiver","volume-title":"Proc. 2003 Conf Info. Sci. and Systems","author":"Misra","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC.2003.1318988"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2005.852143"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2003.810304"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/30.555792"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/30.713244"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2001.965107"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1962.1057786"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2002.805504"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2001.940418"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"309","article-title":"Performance of MIMO: CM and semi-blind cases","volume-title":"Proc. IV IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications","author":"Sadler","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2002.800416"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2004.831910"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4234.935746"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/11.868934"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/9780470545287"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.720248"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"363","article-title":"Novel pilot patterns for channel estimation in OFDM mobile systems over frequency selective fading channels","volume-title":"Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC\u201999","author":"Fernandez-Getino Garcia","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/milcom.2002.1180512"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2002.803347"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.718554"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.737390"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2002.801497"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2002.800400"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UWBST.2002.1006368"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2002.805623"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2005.850270"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2004.830827"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2004.837433"},{"key":"ref78","volume-title":"Linear Estimation","author":"Kailath","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.771341"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.840201"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIT.2003.1228404"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/97.700921"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.912927"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SSAP.2000.870084"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2002.5745123"},{"key":"ref86","article-title":"Bounds on MIMO estimation with CM and semi-blind signaling","volume-title":"Proc. 37th Conf Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)","author":"Kozick","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.934150"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2004.838935"}],"container-title":["IEEE Signal Processing Magazine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx5\/79\/29810\/01359139.pdf?arnumber=1359139","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T05:39:35Z","timestamp":1744263575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/1359139\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/msp.2004.1359139","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-5888","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0792","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}}}