{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:35:53Z","timestamp":1783438553024,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/R030782\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/R030782\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program","award":["826232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["826232"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Signal Process. Mag."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/msp.2021.3106619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T19:36:40Z","timestamp":1635363400000},"page":"39-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The Hitchhiker\u2019s Guide to Bias and Fairness in Facial Affective Signal Processing: Overview and techniques"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jiaee","family":"Cheong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinan","family":"Kalkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatice","family":"Gunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jse.2010101605"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Uncovering the bias in facial expressions","author":"deuschel","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Domain-incremental continual learning for mitigating bias in facial expression and action unit recognition","author":"churamani","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"A survey on bias and fairness in machine learning","author":"mehrabi","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3194770.3194776"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2020.2973158"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3018738"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Detecting bias with generative counterfactual face attribute augmentation","author":"denton","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit Workshops (CVPRW)"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Aequitas: A bias and fairness audit toolkit","author":"saleiro","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref18","author":"zehlike","year":"0","journal-title":"Fairness Measures Datasets and Software for Detecting Algorithmic Discrimination"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP.2017.29"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2981912"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2019.2942287"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2020","journal-title":"White Paper on artificial intelligence A European approach to excellence and trust"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287560.3287589"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ARSO.2017.8025197"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Multimodal affect databases: Collection, challenges, and chances","author":"schuller","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Affective Computing"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Investigating bias and fairness in facial expression recognition","author":"xu","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ECCV2020 Workshop ChaLearn Looking at People Workshop ECCV Fair Face Recogn Anal"},{"key":"ref8","author":"ekman","year":"1997","journal-title":"What the Face Reveals Basic and Applied Studies of Spontaneous Expression using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS)"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Responsible AI: Gender bias assessment in emotion recognition","author":"domnich","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/07402775-3813015"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification","author":"buolamwini","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ACM Conf Fairness Accountability Transparency"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077714"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2020.103954"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.953"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICIC.2008.234"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00078"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3340555.3353747"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15228835.2017.1416512"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3306618.3314287"}],"container-title":["IEEE Signal Processing Magazine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/79\/9591543\/09591544.pdf?arnumber=9591544","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T14:51:12Z","timestamp":1652194272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9591544\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/msp.2021.3106619","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-5888","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0792","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}}}