{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:22:53Z","timestamp":1783401773193,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Ministry for Education and Research","award":["IS14013A-E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IS14013A-E"]}]},{"name":"German Ministry for Education and Research","award":["01GQ1115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GQ1115"]}]},{"name":"German Ministry for Education and Research","award":["01GQ0850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GQ0850"]}]},{"name":"German Ministry for Education and Research","award":["01IS18056A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01IS18056A"]}]},{"name":"German Ministry for Education and Research","award":["01IS18025A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01IS18025A"]}]},{"name":"German Ministry for Education and Research","award":["01IS18037A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01IS18037A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019239","name":"Berlin Mathematics Research Center MATH+","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC 2046\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2046\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019239","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Investitionsbank Berlin","award":["10174498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10174498"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program","award":["965221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["965221"]}]},{"name":"Korean Government","award":["2019-0-00079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-0-00079"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Signal Process. Mag."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/msp.2022.3153277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T20:08:06Z","timestamp":1656446886000},"page":"40-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Toward Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Regression Models: A methodological perspective"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Letzgus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy EngineeringUniversit&#x00E4;t Stuttgart"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Berlin, Berlin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Lederer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine Learning Group, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Samek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artificial Intelligence and Explainable AI Group, Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus-Robert","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer ScienceTechnische Universit&#x00E4;t Karlsruhe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregoire","family":"Montavon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine Learning, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","first-page":"2288","article-title":"Examples are not enough, learn to criticize! Criticism for interpretability","volume":"29","author":"kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00107"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-93736-2_37"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001820050125"},{"key":"ref31","author":"goodfellow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Deep Learning"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3305381.3305512"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2020.107198"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"From clustering to cluster explanations via neural networks","author":"kauffmann","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2021.01.008"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2013.6613022"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"3449","author":"fong","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Comput Vision"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-021-00343-w"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176347963"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Explaining by removing: A unified framework for model explanation","volume":"22","author":"covert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"447","author":"danilevsky","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 1st Conf Asia-Pacific Chapter Assoc Comput Linguistics 10th Int Joint Conf Natural Lang Process"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Recovering pairwise interactions using neural networks","author":"cui","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"13,567","article-title":"Explanations can be manipulated and geometry is to blame","author":"dombrowski","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst (NeurIPS)"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848"},{"key":"ref101","year":"0","journal-title":"chr5tphr\/zennit"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.3020738"},{"key":"ref100","year":"0","journal-title":"marcoancona\/DeepExplain"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"A roadmap for a rigorous science of interpretability","author":"doshi-velez","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-28954-6_10"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"2563","article-title":"Kernel analysis of deep networks","volume":"12","author":"montavon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0048-x"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2976199"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) on timeseries data: A survey","author":"rojat","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939778"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.10.053"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physchem-042018-052331"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"3395","article-title":"Synthesizing the preferred inputs for neurons in neural networks via deep generator networks","author":"nguyen","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 30th Int Conf Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2017.10.011"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"2668","article-title":"Interpretability beyond feature attribution: Quantitative testing with concept activation vectors (TCAV)","author":"kim","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 35th Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"272","article-title":"Explaining deep neural networks with a polynomial time algorithm for Shapley value approximation","volume":"97","author":"ancona","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 36th Int Conf Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-28954-6_9"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2021.07.015"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Software for dataset-wide XAI: From local explanations to global insights with Zennit, CoRelAy, and ViRelAy","author":"anders","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-28954-6_11"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-40245-7_4"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13640-018-0278-6"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.12.012"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijforecast.2021.03.012"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35289-8_3"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"4765","article-title":"A unified approach to interpreting model predictions","author":"lundberg","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 31st Int Conf Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0138-9"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-28954-6_19"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Directional message passing for molecular graphs","author":"klicpera","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08987-4"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"1629","article-title":"Understanding and comparing deep neural networks for age and gender classification","author":"lapuschkin","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Comput Vision Workshops"},{"key":"ref73","article-title":"Deep inside convolutional networks: Visualising image classification models and saliency maps","author":"simonyan","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Workshop Int Conf Learn Representations"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"3145","volume":"7","author":"shrikumar","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 34th Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"307","author":"shapley","year":"1953","journal-title":"A value for n-person games"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5019779"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"Counterfactual explanations for arbitrary regression models","author":"spooner","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"Striving for simplicity: The all convolutional net","author":"springenberg","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref74","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"simonyan","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref75","article-title":"SmoothGrad: Removing noise by adding noise","author":"smilkov","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"1","article-title":"An efficient explanation of individual classifications using game theory","volume":"11","author":"strumbelj","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"3319","article-title":"Axiomatic attribution for deep networks","volume":"70","author":"sundararajan","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 34th Int Conf Mach Learn Res (ICML)"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2021.3052449"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-015-0816-y"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.058301"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2016.2599820"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2021.3060483"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-28954-6"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3115452"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jctc.8b00908"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"992","article-title":"SchNet: A continuous-filter convolutional neural network for modeling quantum interactions","volume":"30","author":"sch\u00fctt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Investigate neural networks!","volume":"20","author":"alber","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13890"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Age and gender prediction from face images using attentional convolutional network","author":"abdolrashidi","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref95","year":"0","journal-title":"sklearn datasets load_diabetes"},{"key":"ref94","year":"0","journal-title":"sklearn datasets make_friedman2"},{"key":"ref93","year":"0","journal-title":"sklearn datasets make_regression"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.319"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-017-1059-x"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10590-1_53"},{"key":"ref102","year":"0","journal-title":"sltzgs\/xai-regression"},{"key":"ref98","year":"0"},{"key":"ref99","year":"0","journal-title":"albermax\/investigate"},{"key":"ref96","year":"0","journal-title":"sklearn datasets load_boston"},{"key":"ref97","year":"0","journal-title":"Facial age Image dataset with human faces and their ages"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130140"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1803","article-title":"How to explain individual classification decisions","volume":"11","author":"baehrens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-021-00303-4"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1875","article-title":"On relevant dimensions in kernel feature spaces","volume":"9","author":"braun","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Approximating CNNs with bag-of-local-features models works surprisingly well on ImageNet","author":"brendel","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"How much can I trust you?&#x2013;Quantifying uncertainties in explaining neural networks","author":"bykov","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2783258.2788613"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27504-0"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"882","volume":"80","author":"chen","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 35th Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref81","article-title":"Detecting statistical interactions from neural network weights","author":"tsang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 6th Int Conf Learn Representations"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1603015"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jctc.9b00181"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447548.3467346"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c01111"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2020.113217"},{"key":"ref89","article-title":"INVASE: Instance-wise variable selection using neural networks","author":"yoon","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ICLR Conf Blind Submission"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-020-0189-9"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"841","article-title":"Counterfactual explanations without opening the black box: Automated decisions and the GDPR","volume":"31","author":"wachter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harvard J Law Technol"},{"key":"ref87","first-page":"2048","article-title":"Show, attend and tell: Neural image caption generation with visual attention","author":"xu","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 32nd Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"9240","article-title":"GNNExplainer: Generating explanations for graph neural networks","author":"ying","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst (NeurIPS)"}],"container-title":["IEEE Signal Processing Magazine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/79\/9810027\/09810062.pdf?arnumber=9810062","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T16:03:30Z","timestamp":1659024210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9810062\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/msp.2022.3153277","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-5888","1558-0792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-5888","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0792","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}}}