{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:18:59Z","timestamp":1775146739539,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":297,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/ojcoms.2019.2953633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T23:19:30Z","timestamp":1573773570000},"page":"1-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":473,"title":["Terahertz Band: The Last Piece of RF Spectrum Puzzle for Communication Systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Hadeel","family":"Elayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0026-5960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osama","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4434-4334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basem","family":"Shihada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2586-9963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raed M.","family":"Shubair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4827-1793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed-Slim","family":"Alouini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7470933"},{"key":"ref274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2577238"},{"key":"ref277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600587CM"},{"key":"ref276","article-title":"Parameter modeling for small-scale mobility in indoor THz communication","author":"singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1908 09043"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2014.2327587"},{"key":"ref270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2019.8746487"},{"key":"ref273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2019.2909975"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUMT.2017.8255203"},{"key":"ref272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2019.1800328"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11772-011-0033-3"},{"key":"ref171","author":"eckhardt","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2017.2771476"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2673844"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2019.2934908"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2018.8406954"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2010.04.001"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2019.2901602"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2012.2208191"},{"key":"ref169","author":"heile","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20040106"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"A broadband 120-GHz Schottky-diode receiver for 10-Gbit\/s wireless links","author":"minotani","year":"0"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2921522"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Terahertz band communication systems: Challenges, novelties and standardization efforts","volume":"35","author":"tekb?y?k","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Commun"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"MAC protocols for terahertz communication: A comprehensive survey","author":"ghafoor","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1904 12848"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2019.09.001","article-title":"A survey on terahertz communications","volume":"16","author":"chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Commun"},{"key":"ref267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCN.2017.8088598"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/2019\/6482975"},{"key":"ref268","article-title":"Resilient design of 5G mobile-edge computing over intermittent mmWave links","author":"di pietro","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1901 04217"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1141012"},{"key":"ref269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6515060"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/16854"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMMNET.2018.8360286"},{"key":"ref288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITNEC.2019.8729322"},{"key":"ref287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2534169.2486015"},{"key":"ref286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2017.08.005"},{"key":"ref285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2016.07.009"},{"key":"ref284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2016.2542213"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2014.2299397"},{"key":"ref283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2015.2419823"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2329501"},{"key":"ref282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAPC.2015.7366014"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0609-x"},{"key":"ref280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCW.2018.8403688"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/35.299840"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.554222"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTON.2014.6876267"},{"key":"ref182","article-title":"Terahertz wireless communication through atmospheric turbulence and rain","author":"ma","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2008.4511651","article-title":"Ultraviolet communications: Potential and state-of-the-art","volume":"46","author":"xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC.2017.7986454"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2476474"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107447981"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5007683"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2712878"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2692307"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-018-0173-2"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1587\/elex.8.1127"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.023736"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMM.2011.940596"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10762-013-0014-3"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2014.01.006"},{"key":"ref278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2706308"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUMT.2016.7765354"},{"key":"ref279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2927313"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1128","article-title":"Ultrafast terahertz wireless communications technologies","volume":"5","author":"hirata","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans THz Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref293","article-title":"From a human-centric perspective: What might 6G be?","author":"dang","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1906 03008"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2018.8439850"},{"key":"ref292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12954"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2019.8662314"},{"key":"ref295","article-title":"Next generation Terahertz communications: A rendezvous of sensing, imaging and localization","author":"sarieddeen","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1909 11324"},{"key":"ref294","article-title":"Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces vs. relaying: Differences, similarities, and performance comparison","author":"ntontin","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1908 00310"},{"key":"ref297","article-title":"A speculative study on 6G","author":"tariq","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1902 05023"},{"key":"ref296","article-title":"Intelligent reflecting surface assisted multi-user MISO communication","author":"nadeem","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1906 03008"},{"key":"ref154","first-page":"1","article-title":"Channel characteristics study for future indoor millimeter and submillimeter wireless communications","author":"peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc IEEE EUCAP"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2016.0022"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.072313.121581"},{"key":"ref155","article-title":"THz device-to-device communications: Channel measurements, modelling, simulation, and antenna design","author":"kim","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref150","first-page":"1","article-title":"Calibrated broadband ray tracing for the simulation of wave propagation in mm and sub-mm wave indoor communication channels","author":"priebe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc 18th Eur Wireless Conf"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2019.1800418"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2014.7063462"},{"key":"ref290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2019.1900271"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JCN.2013.000103"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2015.11.001"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2014.2373371"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2015.7390991"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2017.8255059"},{"key":"ref289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2017.8058702"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2017.7870384"},{"key":"ref58","author":"wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS)"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2016.2601614"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2014.2319251"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"154","article-title":"553-GHz signal generation in CMOS using a quadruple-push oscillator","author":"shim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Symp VLSI Circuits (VLSIC)"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEDM.2007.4418916"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEDM.2006.346816"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2015.2439056"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20083359"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2016.07.006"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5014037"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCN.2017.8088634"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWCS.2015.7454448"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2017.2720962"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10762-014-0134-4"},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"1","article-title":"AoA, AoD and ToA characteristics of scattered multipath clusters for THz indoor channel modeling","author":"priebe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 11th Eur Wireless Conf Sustain Wireless Technol (Eur Wireless)"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2002.807347"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cisco visual networking index Forecast and trends 2017–2022"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cisco Visual Networking Index Forecast and Methodology 2015–2020"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GMTT.1973.1123080"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards a new Internet for the year 2030 and beyond","author":"li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc 3rd Annu ITU IMT-2020\/5G Workshop Demo Day"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1974.1128419"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.1987.1146527"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GMTT.1973.1123140"},{"key":"ref49","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref157","first-page":"1","article-title":"Statistical modeling of THz scatter channels","author":"kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE EUCAP"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/22.989974"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2016.2585103"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"1.25-km-long transmission experiment over 120-GHz-band FPU for SHV signal transmission","author":"tsumochi","year":"0"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2013.275"},{"key":"ref48","year":"2016","journal-title":"The World’s-First Compact Transceiver for Terahertz Wireless Communication Using the 300-GHz Band With Transmission Rate of Several-Dozen Gigabits Per Second-Was Developed and Experimentally Demonstrated High-Speed Data Transmission"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2014.2364454"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICWITS.2010.5611945"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Transmission trial of television broadcast materials using 120-GHz-band wireless link","volume":"7","author":"hirata","year":"2009","journal-title":"NTT Technical Review"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2012.1708"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VLSIC.2012.6243783"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.33.495"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"1","article-title":"50-nm E-mode In0.7Ga0.3As PHEMTs on 100-mm InP substrate with fmax >1 THz","author":"kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Int Electron Devices Meeting"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7567\/APEX.10.024102"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2016.2624899"},{"key":"ref76","volume":"41","author":"beer","year":"1994","journal-title":"High Speed Heterostructure Devices"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3525834"},{"key":"ref74","article-title":"High performance terahertz resonant tunnelling diode sources and broadband antenna for air-side radiation","author":"alharbi","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.95134"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10762-014-0058-z"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2014.2362"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1049\/ecej:20000504","article-title":"high-frequency heterojunction bipolar transistor device design and technology","volume":"12","author":"houston","year":"2000","journal-title":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10762-014-0140-6"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"443","article-title":"GaN MMIC amplifiers for W-band transceivers","author":"masuda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc European Microw Int Circuits Conf (EuMiC)"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ultra-broadband MMIC-based wireless link at 240 GHz enabled by 64GS\/s DAC","author":"boes","year":"2014","journal-title":"35th Int Conf on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"609","article-title":"Sub 50 nm InP HEMT device with Fmax greater than 1 THz","author":"lai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Electron Devices Meeting"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2010.2045597"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2011.2143701"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2014.6848588"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2015.2407193"},{"key":"ref69","year":"2016","journal-title":"mmWave Semiconductor Industry Technologies Status and Evolution"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2016.7564673"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/eai.28-9-2015.2261410"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/75\/2\/024402"},{"key":"ref193","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2012.10.001"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0268-1242\/20\/7\/018"},{"key":"ref196","first-page":"293","article-title":"Terahertz spectroscopy of biomolecules","author":"plusquellic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Terahertz Spectroscopy"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1587\/transele.E98.C.1081"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10762-014-0132-6"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/39\/17\/R01"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2013.6697568"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700890"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2011.2160021"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2010.5675779"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2013.2297415"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.22.023465"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2016.2647280"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2015.0702"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1587\/transele.E98.C.1060"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2013.2293119"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2017.2720470"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2016.3120"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2011.2178256"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.018812"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7567\/APEX.9.024101"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2016.2533491"},{"key":"ref85","first-page":"313","article-title":"120-GHz-band 20-Gbit\/s transmitter and receiver MMICs using quadrature phase shift keying","author":"takahashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 7th Eur Microw Integr Circuits Conf (EuMIC)"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RWS.2016.7444402"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1587\/transele.E98.C.1091"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2013.2262804"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2017.2718967"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PS.2015.7328934"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2014.2309006"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2043164.2018442"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2018.8422216"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ibc.2015.0053"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2017.2757906"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2018.2869124"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/TelecomRadEng.v73.i15.40"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2011.6108333"},{"key":"ref205","first-page":"1","article-title":"Millimeter wave and THz propagation channel modeling for high-data rate railway connectivity—Status and open challenges","volume":"14","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2016","journal-title":"ZTE Commun"},{"key":"ref206","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref211","author":"roberts","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NOMS.2016.7502886"},{"key":"ref212","author":"razoumov","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref213","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref214","author":"rieh","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref215","author":"mearini","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref216","author":"ridgway","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref217","author":"liu","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref218","author":"roberts","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref219","author":"roberts","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref220","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref222","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref221","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref229","author":"rey","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref228","author":"priebe","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref227","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref226","author":"priebe","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref225","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref224","author":"roberts","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref223","author":"hosako","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2013.09.001"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTON.2015.7193578"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPN.24.5.000028"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2011.1407"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2013.SUP2.1213001"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2016.07.011"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMS.2016.7803807"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2011.081011.100545"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3233188.3242902"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4990824"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5010348"},{"key":"ref232","author":"yunlong","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref233","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref230","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref231","author":"kasamatsu","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IRMMW-THz.2019.8873734"},{"key":"ref238","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref235","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref234","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref237","author":"k\u00fcrner","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref236","author":"rey","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2017.06.038"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.2386335"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2008.922651"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.85654"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2007.908559"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2011.2153610"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.995521"},{"key":"ref142","first-page":"1","article-title":"Non-specular scattering modeling for THz propagation simulations","author":"priebe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 5th Eur Conf Antennas Propag (EuCAP)"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2004.831581"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2004.1309810"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2009.2017256"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.1998.658762"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2907606"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC.2019.8815595"},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6736761"},{"key":"ref243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2016.02.001"},{"key":"ref244","first-page":"102090a1","article-title":"Design and performance analysis of ultra-massive multi-carrier multiple input multiple output communications in the terahertz band","volume":"10209","author":"zakrajsek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc SPIE Image Sens Technol Mater Devices Syst Appl II"},{"key":"ref240","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref248","author":"sarieddeen","year":"2019","journal-title":"An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for Terahertz UM-MIMO Systems"},{"key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2019.2929455"},{"key":"ref246","article-title":"Multi-user ultra-massive MIMO for very high frequency bands (mmWave and THz): A resource allocation problem","author":"mu\u00f1oz","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2018.8417893"},{"key":"ref249","article-title":"Ultra-massive MIMO systems at terahertz bands: Prospects and challenges","author":"faisal","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1902 10869"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.022918"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2008.2009551"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2011.1451"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2012.0849"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OFC.2019.M4F.4"},{"key":"ref104","first-page":"1","article-title":"Seamless integration of a fiber-THz wireless-fiber $2\\times2$ MIMO broadband network","author":"wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Asia Commun Photon Conf (ACP)"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2018.2809433"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2012.2211658"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2016.65"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4960136"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWP.2000.889829"},{"key":"ref250","author":"loukil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Terahertz-Band MIMO Systems Adaptive Transmission and Blind Parameter Estimation"},{"key":"ref251","author":"javed","year":"2019","journal-title":"A Journey From Improper Gaussian Signaling to Asymmetric Signaling"},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700912"},{"key":"ref255","article-title":"Towards 6G networks: Use cases and technologies","author":"giordani","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1903 11593"},{"key":"ref252","year":"2017","journal-title":"Augmented and Virtual Reality The First Wave of 5G Killer Apps"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NTMS.2019.8763780"},{"key":"ref257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.2384510"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700425"},{"key":"ref259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bltj.21604"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat708"},{"key":"ref258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2014.6882306"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2007.4455844"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2014.6882305"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2004.835916"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"348","article-title":"Terahertz waves for communications and sensing","volume":"25","author":"fitch","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2007.3"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2009.5360685"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20031195"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3386413"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2014.2336537"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10762-010-9758-1"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2011.2159552"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/22.618429"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19980131"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPCon.2016.7830951"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19980202"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/UEO.1997.UC3"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.673831"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/417156a"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20063921"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2009.1586"},{"key":"ref260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.24.008848"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2699100"},{"key":"ref262","author":"choubey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Introducing Facebook's new terrestrial connectivity systems—Terragraph and Project ARIES"},{"key":"ref263","author":"weissberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"ITU-R’s Role in Radio Frequency Spectrum for 5G Networks of the Future"},{"key":"ref264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2006.307294"},{"key":"ref265","article-title":"Delta-OMA (D-OMA): A new method for massive multiple access in 6G","author":"al-eryani","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1901 04217"},{"key":"ref266","article-title":"A survey of multi-access edge computing in 5G and beyond: Fundamentals, technology integration, and state-of-the-art","author":"pham","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1906 03008"}],"container-title":["IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8782661\/8816718\/08901159.pdf?arnumber=8901159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T19:59:12Z","timestamp":1639771152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8901159\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":297,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ojcoms.2019.2953633","relation":{},"ISSN":["2644-125X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2644-125X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}