{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T13:22:03Z","timestamp":1782739323409,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union in RESPONSE 5G","award":["789658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["789658"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland in 6Genesis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["318927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["318927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"5GEAR","award":["319669 projects"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["319669 projects"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/ojcoms.2021.3066284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T20:08:00Z","timestamp":1616184480000},"page":"575-601","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A Novel Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS) Platform for Local 5G Operators"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6500-3147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nisita","family":"Weerasinghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4520-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tharaka","family":"Hewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4786-030X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhusanka","family":"Liyanage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1835-3475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salil S.","family":"Kanhere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8079-5514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Ylianttila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/DPRG-06-2017-0033"},{"key":"ref38","year":"2020","journal-title":"Roaming Rates"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IRI.2018.00011"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCE46568.2020.9042998"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain.2019.00014"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOMW.2019.8730733"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/14636690910970955"},{"key":"ref36","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matlab"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2970118"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTC.2015.7354674"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rfs\/hhz007"},{"key":"ref40","author":"ntarzanou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Telecom operators and the aftermath of the European Commission agenda for the termination of roaming charges within the EU"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2016.55"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.2000005"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IOTM.0001.1900089"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ADCOM.2017.00011"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC45663.2020.9120505"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blockchain-based roaming and offload service platform for local 5G operators","author":"weerasinghe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc 2021 IEEE 18th Annu Consum Commun & Netw Conf (CCNC)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DySPAN.2018.8610409"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6461199"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2009.5361183"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"1","article-title":"BRAIN: Blockchain-based reverse auction for infrastructure supply in virtual network functions-as-a-service","author":"franco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc IEEE IFIP Netw Conf (IFIP Netw )"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TELFOR.2017.8249272"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIoT48696.2020.9089507"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.1600147CM"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40854-016-0031-z"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPSR.2019.8808114"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIINFS.2017.8300396"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigDataCongress.2017.85"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/29053"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2532458"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.04.011"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cisco Visual Networking Index Global Mobile Data Traffic Data Forecast Update Cisco White Paper"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EIIS.2017.8298654"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119942825"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCT46805.2019.8947293"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-017-4427-5"},{"key":"ref42","author":"lloyd","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Roaming Fraud Trends and Prevention Techniques"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2992385"},{"key":"ref41","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Mobile Roaming Strategic Guidelines 2017"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2019.2914052"},{"key":"ref44","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ethereum Testnet"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2017.7996830"},{"key":"ref43","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tax Rates"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900336"}],"container-title":["IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8782661\/9309127\/09382004.pdf?arnumber=9382004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T19:47:55Z","timestamp":1659988075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9382004\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":45,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ojcoms.2021.3066284","relation":{},"ISSN":["2644-125X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2644-125X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}