{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:19:59Z","timestamp":1783401599288,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/ojcoms.2023.3309268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T18:14:23Z","timestamp":1693246463000},"page":"2204-2224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Quantum Machine Learning for Next-G Wireless Communications: Fundamentals and the Path Ahead"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8596-1027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhaskara","family":"Narottama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2666-0723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zina","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6880-4772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"A\u00efssa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2021.11.003"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.99.032331"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2912200"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"614","article-title":"Informed machine learning—A taxonomy and survey of integrating prior knowledge into learning systems","volume":"35","author":"von rueden","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOIN50884.2021.9333917"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTC49870.2020.9289439"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12115662"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Quantum graph neural networks","author":"verdon","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv 1909 12264"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-019-0648-8"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2016.01.002"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2020.3005270"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Don’t use large mini-batches, use local SGD","author":"lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Learn Represent (ICLR)"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2023.06.003"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.104.042601"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2022.08.004"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2970105"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSA-C52384.2021.00025"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3109944"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Quantum embeddings for machine learning","author":"lloyd","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2001 03622"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3184049"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3146400"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3020925"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900287"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GCWkshps52748.2021.9682045"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2022.3174140"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2020.07.002"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3055537"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2014.2322013"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3529756"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2023.10006669"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1666-5"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC42927.2021.9500557"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10012"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43588-021-00084-1"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"2522","article-title":"Benchmarking neural networks for quantum computations","volume":"31","author":"nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst"},{"key":"ref33","year":"2023","journal-title":"Qiskit An open-source framework for quantum computing"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn7293"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"197","article-title":"Machine learning and quantum computing for 5G\/6G communication networks—A survey","volume":"3","author":"suriya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Intell Netw"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13673-020-00258-2"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3233853"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2023.3293650"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3143264"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the number of linear regions of deep neural networks","volume":"27","author":"montufar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2019.1900271"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2000534"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3240781"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.006.00340"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2909490"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2021.3079341"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2022.3188200"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3124512"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJVT.2020.3044569"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-023-03876-8"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3249835"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42484-020-00036-4"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3031449"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2019-12-09-214"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2023.3247886"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PRXQuantum.2.040316"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.2968312"},{"key":"ref99","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modular quantum machine learning for channel estimation in STAR-RIS assisted communication systems","author":"narottama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Symp Pers Indoor Mobile Radio Commun (PIMRC)"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3198121"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2935972"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2013.6654880"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2972274"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2021.3127725"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3010270"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3051031"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3176017"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC40277.2020.9149151"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.92.012327"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC48278.2020.9217272"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42484-020-00013-x"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3234911"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3011521"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3170061"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42484-022-00095-9"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.104.L030401","article-title":"Training saturation in layerwise quantum approximate optimization","volume":"104","author":"campos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Rev A"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3282908"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2022-05-24-720"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3232855"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/25196"},{"key":"ref86","article-title":"Quantum clustering and Gaussian mixtures","author":"rahman","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv 1612 09199"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2013.2249089"},{"key":"ref85","first-page":"1027","article-title":"K-means++: The advantages of careful seeding","author":"arthur","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc ACM\/SIAM Symp Discr Alg"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3102139"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2023.3235429"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.100.053309"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-021-05941-9"},{"key":"ref136","first-page":"637","article-title":"Quantum annealing for next-generation MU-MIMO detection: Evaluation and challenges","author":"de luna ducoing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Commun"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.98.012324"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2965963"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1542362.1542419"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TE.2022.3153841"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.121.040502"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.012.2000770"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCloud-EdgeCom54986.2022.00010"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-013-0687-5"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2023.03.106"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2018.8644426"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3068629"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCNC\/6GSummit51104.2021.9482503"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SFCS.1994.365700"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2958788"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3264649","article-title":"A survey on over-the-air computation","volume":"25","author":"?ahin","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surveys Tuts"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3341302.3342072"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900491"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36244\/ICJ.2021.1.2"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2019.107006"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2009.2036949"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.113.130503"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2971633"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3149590"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/6GSUMMIT49458.2020.9083759"},{"key":"ref71","article-title":"6G white paper on machine learning in wireless communication networks","author":"ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2004 13875"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2021.3115107"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2019.101913"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2022.3161542"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MBITS.2022.3212978"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"223","author":"erpek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Deep Learning for Wireless Communications"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.52.R2493"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APWCS50173.2021.9548770"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3188443"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIT.2019.8849710"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3195199"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3109816"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2013.6692652"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2013.2259536"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops49005.2020.9145189"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2882385"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3192041"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3114543"},{"key":"ref113","first-page":"1","article-title":"Engineering reflective intelligence surface with Ising hamiltonian and quantum annealing","author":"ross","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Int Appl Comput Electromagn Soc Symp"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP49357.2023.10097179"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2021.3084799"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/237814.237866"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3001125"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC51071.2022.9771604"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2023.3244924"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3099372"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/S0097539796298637"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3100148"}],"container-title":["IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8782661\/10008219\/10233127.pdf?arnumber=10233127","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T19:42:12Z","timestamp":1698694932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10233127\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":142,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ojcoms.2023.3309268","relation":{},"ISSN":["2644-125X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2644-125X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}