{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T16:16:50Z","timestamp":1780762610775,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":223,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission through the Horizon Europe\/JU SNS project Hexa-X-II","award":["101095759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101095759"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/ojcoms.2025.3595459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T18:47:55Z","timestamp":1754333275000},"page":"6966-7015","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cross-Layer Integrated Sensing and Communication: A Joint Industrial and Academic Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1298-6159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henk","family":"Wymeersch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8450-3750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuutti","family":"Tervo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wireless Communications-Radio Technologies, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"W\u00e4nstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ericsson Research, Ericsson, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1365-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharief","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joerg","family":"Ahlendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of System Innovation Industrial, CTO, NXP, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozgur","family":"Akgul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nokia Standards, Nokia, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8565-1229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasileios","family":"Tsekenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WINGS ICT Solutions SA, Nea Smirni, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5326-2237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sokratis","family":"Barmpounakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WINGS ICT Solutions SA, Nea Smirni, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1862-8345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Beale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology &#x0026; Engineering Centre-Europe, Sony Europe, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0064-5020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Berkvens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDLab, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2375-8618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabeel Nisar","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDLab, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9345-9966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6228-1483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shrayan","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wireless Communications-Radio Technologies, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Desset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2510-6632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio de la","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telematics Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, Getafe, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prajnamaya","family":"Dass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trustworthy Data Processing Group, Barkhausen Institut, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3587-1354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeroen","family":"Famaey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDLab, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9853-2977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamed","family":"Farhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ericsson Research, Ericsson, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4622-1311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerhard P.","family":"Fettweis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1747-2664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1631-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1094-7751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rreze","family":"Halili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDLab, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4778-6405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsuyuki","family":"Haneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdur Rahman Mohamed","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6986-2720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akshay","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nokia Bell Labs, Nokia, Massy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5382-3989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvaine","family":"Kerboeuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nokia Bell Labs, Nokia, Massy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7718-8377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Musa Furkan","family":"Keskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ericsson Research, Ericsson, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8515-2518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilal","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wireless Communications-Radio Technologies, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3610-6440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siddhartha","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qamcom Research and Technology AB, G&#x00F6;thenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0466-562X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"K\u00f6psell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trustworthy Data Processing Group, Barkhausen Institut, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apostolos","family":"Kousaridas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nokia Bell Labs, Nokia, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3533-9234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pekka","family":"Ky\u00f6sti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wireless Communications-Radio Technologies, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qamcom Research and Technology AB, G&#x00F6;thenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qamcom Research and Technology AB, G&#x00F6;thenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3045-6271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Nimr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Pettersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5461-6148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aarno","family":"P\u00e4rssinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wireless Communications-Radio Technologies, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basuki","family":"Priyanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology &#x0026; Engineering Centre-Europe, Sony Europe, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Stavridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ericsson Research, Ericsson, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2579-9002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommy","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonika","family":"Ujjwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ericsson Research, Ericsson, Kirkkonummi, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Early results of 6G radio key enablers","author":"Nimr","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3156632"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2024.3397609"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Cmwave and sub-THz: Key radio enablers and complementary spectrum for 6G","author":"Katwe","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2406.18391"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.007.2300224"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3206614"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.007.2400117"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.006.2200480"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2023.3242554"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3227319"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394180523.ch9"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3383657"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2024.3449807"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3353336"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3525980"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.011.2400055"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC50174.2021.9569364"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jcs61227.2024.10646326"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-024-4205-8"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3351572"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3428831"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-022-3652-2"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3292937"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2023.3273507"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3177305"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3122519"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2023.3272881"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Integrated sensing and communication","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3235618"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2024.3420492"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"6G use cases and requirements","author":"Almodovar","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC51166.2024.10622490"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.003.2100852"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2001205"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3383771"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3328018"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2024.3413995"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3463880"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3491180"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3336917"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3227215"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3420774"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3505857"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EuCAP63536.2025.10999688"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMCAS58210.2024.10666171"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17760\/d20659751"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2022.3176139"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2025.3563197"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2021.3126887"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2025.3546475"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3399935"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3135692"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3076894"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3155522"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3235617"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iWAT57058.2023.10171743"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.020.2300165"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/7.784056"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.011.2300359"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3101696"},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"Effects of building materials and structures on radiowave propagation above about 100 MHz","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2360986"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2018.2880036"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2017.2754443"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GCWkshps56602.2022.10008672"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC56721.2023.10293831"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2012.6393523"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2014.2310220"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSP58612.2023.10404988"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-024-4172-8"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EuCAP53622.2022.9768948"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3337648"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2024.3492502"},{"key":"ref75","volume-title":"Deliverable D2.3 interim overall 6G system design","author":"Zhenhua","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref76","volume-title":"5G; 5G system; network exposure function northbound APIs; stage 3","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref77","volume-title":"Service enabler architecture layer for verticals (SEAL); functional architecture and information flows","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref78","volume-title":"API overview 2013; camara project","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3287939"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2200592"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2400394"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3234501"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/gcwkshps50303.2020.9367518"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2022.3155572"},{"key":"ref85","article-title":"Network-controlled repeater\u2014An introduction","author":"Carvalho","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2403.09601"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2200386"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2024.3414579"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2020.3018436"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2023.3270160"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3339523"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3243918"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3373368"},{"key":"ref93","article-title":"Upper mid-band channel measurements and characterization at 6.75 GHz FR1(C) and 16.95 GHz FR3 in an indoor factory scenario","author":"Ying","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2411.03565"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3431686"},{"key":"ref95","article-title":"An experimental multi-band channel characterization in the upper mid-band","author":"Bomfin","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2411.12888"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.128.2200446"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2021.3130549"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2025.3550903"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2023.3344143"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC57260.2024.10571183"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops57953.2023.10283494"},{"key":"ref102","article-title":"Calibration in RIS-aided integrated sensing, localization and communication systems","author":"Ghazalian","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2409.16931"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3220319"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2025.3529403"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.2000493"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13071369"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.2025.3569014"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sat.1556"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2014.2317671"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3124927"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2014.7063447"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3325849"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2025.3533111"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3123267"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3478115"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3210307"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2015.2467373"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2024.3418725"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2200970"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-2501-8_16"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JCS64661.2025.10880654"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2024.3414596"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3491356"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JCS61227.2024.10646258"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2843719"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2016.2515122"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2010.2052558"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3288250"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-4560-44-3"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3047696"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EuMC.2018.8541739"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/385385"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2883796"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC40277.2020.9148935"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2006.1662039"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2007.901653"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3149974"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RadarConf2351548.2023.10149778"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EuMC.2011.6101846"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2018.8647494"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2016.7841766"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2019.2949502"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2021.3054428"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3190418"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP49357.2023.10094643"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM54140.2023.10437220"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/spawc48557.2020.9154233"},{"key":"ref148","first-page":"85","article-title":"3-D rainbow beam design for fast beam training with true-time-delay arrays in wideband millimeter-wave systems","volume-title":"Proc. 55th Asilomar Conf. Signals Syst. Comput.","author":"Lin"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2022.3178798"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ARRAY58370.2024.10880447"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2021.3115407"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2023.3273502"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EuCAP57121.2023.10133514"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EuCAP60739.2024.10501642"},{"key":"ref155","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Radar Signal Processing","author":"Richards","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2020.2992689"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2330171"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2534169.2486033"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2017.8058661"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2025.3534882"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2024.3419158"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2016.2557781"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470759028"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM52923.2024.10901304"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCNC\/6GSummit63408.2025.11036925"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3117782"},{"key":"ref167","volume-title":"5G NR: The Next Generation Wireless Access Technology","author":"Dahlman","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2023.3266976"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NRC.1993.270463"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2019.2902914"},{"key":"ref171","article-title":"Uplink cell-free massive MIMO OFDM with phase noise-aware channel estimation: Separate and shared LOs","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2410.18722"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3346892"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-023-05657-z"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2024.3476148"},{"key":"ref175","article-title":"Joint discrete antenna positioning and beamforming optimization in movable antenna enabled full-duplex ISAC networks","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2411.04419"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3211533"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3418140"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3336177"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP49357.2023.10096904"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3348421"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3147671"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3522667"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2024.3489653"},{"key":"ref184","volume-title":"mmWave Joint Communication and Sensing (JCAS\/ ISAC) Testbed","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3015735"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.010.2100152"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/vtc2024-spring62846.2024.10683165"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.005.2200440"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24051385"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMM.2023.3341010"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2687838"},{"key":"ref192","volume-title":"Deliverable D3.3 Initial analysis of architectureal enablers and framework","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref193","volume-title":"Service Enabler Architecture Layer for Verticals (Seal); Functional Architecture and Information Flows","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref194","volume-title":"Common API framework for 3GPP northbound APIs","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-68024-3_5"},{"key":"ref196","volume-title":"The Security Development Lifecycle","author":"Howard","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00766-010-0115-7"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2024-Fall63153.2024.10757770"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IOTM.001.2300180"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2017.7944258"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2007.4437813"},{"key":"ref202","article-title":"Security assurance specification (scas) threats and critical assets in 3GPP network product classes (3GPP TR 33.926 version 18.4.0 Release 18)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref203","volume-title":"Mobile Device Security","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref204","article-title":"Security architecture and procedures for 5G system 3GPP TS 33.501 version 18.8.0 Release 18","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref205","volume-title":"End-to-end system evaluation results from the interim overall 6G system","author":"Raul","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSEC.2019.2947124"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/299"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC48978.2021.9564730"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.0001.2000082"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JCS61227.2024.10646237"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JCS64661.2025.10880645"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2010.10.016"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3448300.3467826"},{"key":"ref214","volume-title":"Service Requirements for Integrated Sensing and Communication (3GPP TS 22.137 Version 19.0.0 Release 19)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref215","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Estimation Theory","author":"Kay","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2024.3420492"},{"key":"ref217","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Radar Signal Processing","author":"Richards","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2022.3219999"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2021.103225"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CISP-BMEI.2017.8301910"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13042700"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410605337-29"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.001.1800036"}],"container-title":["IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/8782661\/10829557\/11112522.pdf?arnumber=11112522","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T05:59:06Z","timestamp":1757483946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11112522\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":223,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ojcoms.2025.3595459","relation":{},"ISSN":["2644-125X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2644-125X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}