{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T21:01:31Z","timestamp":1775509291676,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Anusandhan National Research Foundation","award":["ANRF\/ECRG\/2024\/001438\/ENS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANRF\/ECRG\/2024\/001438\/ENS"]}]},{"name":"SPARC Funding","award":["P4023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P4023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/ojcoms.2026.3677962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T19:53:02Z","timestamp":1774554782000},"page":"2980-2999","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Practical Approach to Transitioning 5G-AKA Toward Fully and Hybrid Post-Quantum Security for 5G and Beyond Communication"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4443-2043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eshika","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2924-0361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Awaneesh Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3664-7185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravi","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4786-030X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhusanka","family":"Liyanage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network Softwarization and Security Labs (NetsLab), School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TQE.2020.3030314"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMM.2021.3130710"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TQE.2025.3568865"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2025.3586749"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Securing 5G Infrastructure From Cybersecurity Risks","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2025.3553044"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2024.107634"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Security Architecture and Procedures for 5G System","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-04762-7_7"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC.2019.8766448"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ANTS50601.2020.9342780"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2020.107753"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2976740"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","first-page":"371","article-title":"Symmetric key-based authentication for 5G networks: Lightweight approaches for low-resource devices","volume":"22","author":"Braeken","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Netw. Secur."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.108373"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ise2.12054"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109400"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2914941"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"3595","article-title":"Privacy-preserving and standard-compatible AKA protocol for 5G","volume-title":"Proc. 30th USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Wang"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2980213"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP.2019.00041"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-021-00815-9"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3041710"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC51644.2023.10059918"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info13030125"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM48099.2022.10001345"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TQE.2025.3535823"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TQE.2025.3548706"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/nist.ir.8545"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3507657.3528540"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-23020-2_14"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18280\/ijsse.140608"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-57916-5_9"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3658644.3670283"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-91823-0_5"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2022.06.006"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC45041.2023.10279330"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2022.3203874"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3564512"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3191319"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2024.3399915"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2025.101626"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2025.3553474"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spy2.222"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2023.3339818"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-022-04807-7"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22124525"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info13050257"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2023.100688"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24010159"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24247979"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3407714"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2021.3129512"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2024.100676"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2024.101228"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"5G-AKA-HPQC: Hybrid post-quantum cryptography protocol for quantum-resilient 5G primary authentication with forward secrecy","author":"Ko","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2502.02851"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Future-proofing authentication against insecure bootstrapping for 5G networks: Feasibility, resiliency, and accountability","author":"Darzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2510.23457"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3317549.3323402"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3433210.3453082"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"469","article-title":"Formal verification of the PQXDH post-quantum key agreement protocol for end-to-end secure messaging","volume-title":"Proc. 33rd USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Bhargavan"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111444"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SOLI60636.2023.10425346"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SFCS.1994.365700"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/237814.237866"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/acri\/2025\/v25i31098"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1983.1056650"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46035-7_22"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom60117.2023.00181"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-023-05064-y"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2807383"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-70545-1_38"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2019.2916593"},{"key":"ref73","volume-title":"Miracl Cryptographic SDK: Multiprecision Integer and Rational Arithmetic Cryptographic Library","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2017.52"},{"key":"ref75","volume-title":"Open Quantum Safe Project","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2025.3562874"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2024.109886"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2931724"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2021.103281"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3194956"}],"container-title":["IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/8782661\/11343983\/11456662.pdf?arnumber=11456662","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T19:59:29Z","timestamp":1775505569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11456662\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":80,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ojcoms.2026.3677962","relation":{},"ISSN":["2644-125X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2644-125X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}