{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T20:03:06Z","timestamp":1784836986711,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union through the REFRESH\u2013Research Excellence For REgion Sustainability and High-Tech Industries via the Operational Program Just Transition under Project","award":["CZ.10.03.01\/00\/22_003\/0000048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.10.03.01\/00\/22_003\/0000048"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (MEYS CZ), within a Student Grant Competition at VSB\u2013Technical University of Ostrava","award":["Project SGS SP2026\/004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project SGS SP2026\/004"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe Program through the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant agreement","award":["101227218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101227218"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/ojcoms.2026.3713814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T20:16:24Z","timestamp":1784146584000},"page":"8347-8361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Feasibility Analysis of Quantum-Safe 5G Roaming"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1967-5553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalibor","family":"Zeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava","place":["Ostrava, Czechia"],"department":["Department of Telecommunications"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2697-1756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miralem","family":"Mehic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava","place":["Ostrava, Czechia"],"department":["Department of Telecommunications"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5135-7980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslav","family":"Voznak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava","place":["Ostrava, Czechia"],"department":["Department of Telecommunications"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3612982"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3390\/telecom6040100","article-title":"Harvest-now, decrypt-later: A temporal cybersecurity risk in the quantum transition","volume":"6","author":"Kagai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Telecom"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3402192","article-title":"Quantum key distribution: A networking perspective","volume":"53","author":"Mehic","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Security Architecture and Procedures for 5G System, 3GPP document","volume-title":"ETSI, 5G","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"5G; 5G System; Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) Interconnection","volume":"3","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; 5G; General Packet Radio System (GPRS) Tunnelling","volume-title":"Protocol User Plane (GTPv1-U)","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP61157.2025.00028"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Overview of quantum key distribution technique within IPsec architecture","author":"Dervisevic","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2112.13105"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"QORE: Quantum secure 5G\/B5G core","author":"Rathi","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2510.19982"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC61545.2025.10978792"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2024.06.005","article-title":"Towards a quantum-safe 5G: Quantum key distribution in core networks","volume":"224","author":"Atutxa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/QCNC64685.2025.00108"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/SoftCOM58365.2023.10271676"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6144","DOI":"10.3390\/s25196144","article-title":"Evaluating transport layer security 1.3 optimization strategies for 5G cross-border roaming: A comprehensive security and performance analysis","volume":"25","author":"Lastre","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCWorkshops55477.2022.9896675"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3309051"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism Standard","volume":"203","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Standard","volume-title":"U.S. Department of Commerce, Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS)","volume":"204","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Standard","volume-title":"U.S. Department of Commerce, Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS)","volume":"205","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2025.108062","article-title":"A performance evaluation framework for post-quantum TLS","volume":"175","author":"Montenegro","year":"2026","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC8446","volume-title":"The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3","author":"Rescorla","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-026-05055-x"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/QCNC64685.2025.00021"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"ETSI ISG QKD 014\u2014Quantum Key Distribution (QKD); Protocol and Data Format of REST-Based Key Delivery API","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.IR.8105","article-title":"Report on post-quantum cryptography","volume-title":"Nat. Inst. Standards Technol.","author":"Chen","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"800","article-title":"Recommendation for Key Management: Part 1\u2014General","volume-title":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard (SP)","author":"Barker","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Open5GS: Open Source 5G Core and EPC Implementation","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"PacketRusher: High Performance 5G UE\/gNB Simulator and CP\/UP Load Tester","author":"D\u2019Emmanuele","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref29","year":"2025","journal-title":"OpenSSL Version 3.5.4. released"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"oqsprovider: OpenSSL 3 Provider for Quantum-Safe Algorithms","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"Liboqs: C Library for Quantum-Safe Cryptographic Algorithms","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.503356"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2024.3398404"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-53963-3_21"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOTEH60418.2024.10495984"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3214511"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2012.02.019"},{"key":"ref38","author":"Curnow","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chrony"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"2378","article-title":"Roaming across the European union in the 5G era: Performance, challenges, and opportunities","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE INFOCOM - IEEE Conf. Comput. Commun","author":"Fezeu"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"138","article-title":"Understanding TCP over TCP: Effects of TCP tunneling on end-to-end throughput and latency","volume-title":"Performance, Quality of Service, and Control of Next-Generation Communication and Sensor Networks III","volume":"6011","author":"Honda"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BIHTEL.2016.7775711"},{"key":"ref42","volume-title":"TCP Encapsulation of Internet Key Exchange Protocol (IKE) and IPsec Packets, Internet Engineering Task Force","author":"Pauly","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref43","author":"Zeman","year":"2026","journal-title":"5G Quantum-Safe Proxies"}],"container-title":["IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/8782661\/11343983\/11611172.pdf?arnumber=11611172","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T19:11:14Z","timestamp":1784833874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11611172\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":43,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ojcoms.2026.3713814","relation":{},"ISSN":["2644-125X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2644-125X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}