{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T03:14:01Z","timestamp":1769742841979,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-009"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-001"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008510","name":"University of Maryland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/sp46214.2022.9833633","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T19:28:05Z","timestamp":1658950085000},"page":"876-892","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Investigating Influencer VPN Ads on YouTube"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Omer","family":"Akgul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Namara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dave","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Mazurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref57","article-title":"The Vietnam Food vlog ft. The BEST Bánh Mí in Hoi An","year":"2019","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Bezos Like A Boss — Ep. 713","author":"shapiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Youtube-8m: A large-scale video classification benchmark","author":"abu-el-haija","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1609 08138"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2068816.2068851"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Following backlash, WhatsApp to roll out in-app banner to better explain its privacy update","author":"perez","year":"2021","journal-title":"TechCrunch"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Two Billion Users – Connecting the World Privately","year":"0"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"COVID-19 Hysteria: Wear a Mask or Else! 5\/18\/20","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Google’s hidden CIA connection the full story","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"In encryption we don’t trust: The effect of end-to-end encryption to the masses on user perception","author":"dechand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc IEEE EuroS&P"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"2020 state of malware report","author":"kujawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Malewarebytes Labs"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Controversial cyber tycoon John McAfee dead at 75","author":"scroxton","year":"2021","journal-title":"ComputerWeekly com"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"The 2019 state of the auth report: Has 2fa hit mainstream yet?","author":"frazier","year":"2019","journal-title":"duo"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"IBM PC DOS version 7","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Do you really need to buy an antivirus app or a VPN anymore?","author":"rubenking","year":"2020","journal-title":"PCMAG"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"How private is my vpn?","author":"ng","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"zero logs” VPN exposes millions of logs including user passwords, claims data is anonymous","author":"bischoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comparitech"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info8030076"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"FTC must scrutinize hotspot shield over alleged traffic interception, group says","author":"farivar","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"The ‘Get a Mac’ campaign was instrumental in shaping apple’s reputation with consumers","author":"filipowicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"iMore"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Virtual private network (vpn) global market trajectory & analytics","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40001.2021.00092"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2987443.2987471"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300537"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31680-7_15"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"A comprehensive quality evaluation of security and privacy advice on the web","author":"redmiles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Usenix Security"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"From intent to action: Nudging users towards secure mobile payments","author":"story","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc SOUPS"},{"key":"ref100","article-title":"Evaluating in-workflow messages for improving mental models of end-to-end encryption","author":"akgul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Usenix Security"},{"key":"ref101","article-title":"In encryption we don’t trust: The effect of end-to-end encryption to the masses on user perception","author":"dechand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc IEEE EuroS&P"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Oh-pwnvpn! security analysis of openvpn-based android apps","author":"zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Conference on Cryptology and Network Security"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2017.65"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2335356.2335360"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376440"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/popets-2017-0030"},{"key":"ref148","article-title":"Counter-strike gambling scandal comes to an end with FTC settlement","author":"frank","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Why Johnny can’t encrypt: A usability evaluation of PGP 5.0","author":"whitten","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Usenix Security"},{"key":"ref149","article-title":"What is a vpn? – part i","author":"ferguson","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376178"},{"key":"ref146","article-title":"I Got an Apple ID Scammer to Betray His Boss!","author":"green","year":"2019","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1280680.1280687"},{"key":"ref147","article-title":"Michigan Podcast #117 — If You Watched the NFL Combine, You Should Be Angry","author":"podcast","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"A usability study and critique of two password managers","author":"chiasson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Usenix Security"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376570"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/popets-2020-0006"},{"key":"ref150","article-title":"On the limited impact of visualizing encryption: Perceptions of E2E messaging security","author":"stransky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc SOUPS"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"How YouTube influencers are rewriting the marketing rulebook","author":"nazerali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Huffington Post"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Bitcoin hysterical rally!!! ignore at own risk + syscoin \/ programmer explains","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Sponsorblock","author":"ramachandran","year":"0"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15252019.2019.1667928"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Replication: Effects of media on the mental models of technical users","author":"baig","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc SOUPS"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Weighing context and trade-offs: How suburban adults selected their online security posture","author":"ruoti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc SOUPS"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978307"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Become a surfShark ambassador today","year":"0","journal-title":"Surf-Shark"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Can you actually trust mrwhosetheboss?","year":"2021","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16522354.2018.1501146"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Disclosures 101 for social media influencers","author":"comission","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274388"},{"key":"ref128","article-title":"Meet the Fortnite Scammers","author":"cook","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Evaluating the scale, growth, and origins of right-wing echo chambers on youtube","author":"hosseinmardi","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref129","article-title":"Why I Hate Going to the Grocery Store (During Quarantine)","author":"cow","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Many turn to youtube for children’s content, news, how-to lessons","author":"smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pew Research Center"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2016.2637878"},{"key":"ref97","article-title":"TIKTOK IS RUINED (LMTH)","year":"2018","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref127","article-title":"JUDGE JEANINE JUST LANDED HERSELF IN COURT FOR SOMETHING YOU WOULD NEVER SUSPECT","year":"2017","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref96","article-title":"NVIDIA SHIELD TV ULTIMATE LIVE TV SETUP!! COMPLETELY FREE & LEGAL","author":"triple","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2660267.2660347"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3278532.3278551"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372297.3417883"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442381.3449837"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3278532.3278570"},{"key":"ref98","article-title":"Updates on article 17 (formerly article 13)","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Algorithmic extremism: Examining youtube’s rabbit hole of radicalization","author":"ledwich","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1912 11211"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3351095.3372879"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"The effect of entertainment media on mental models of computer security","author":"fulton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc SOUPS"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449220"},{"key":"ref133","article-title":"Saudi Prince – Palestinians Must Accept Peace or Shut Up!, 2231","year":"2018","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref93","article-title":"What is She Wearing? Hillary Clinton Looks Like Hell at OzyFest – Wrapped in a Drape","year":"2018","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref134","article-title":"Nunes Says Impeach, 2154","year":"2018","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref92","article-title":"Is S-400 the best SAM in the world? The great SAM system showdown!","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref131","article-title":"Make it STOP! Creepy Uncle Joe STRIKES AGAIN By Whispering in Little Girls Ear at Rally","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref95","article-title":"Official JoJo Tier List","year":"2019","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref132","article-title":"Good Vectoring ft. WTFMoses - chocoTaco PUBG Gameplay","year":"2019","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref94","article-title":"The Charlie Kirk Show: AOC Gone In 60 Seconds — DNC Night Two","author":"kirk","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref130","article-title":"Virtual private network, topic","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3463676.3485602"},{"key":"ref90","article-title":"If You Catch the Item, You Keep It - Challenge","year":"2019","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref89","article-title":"Lube for Your Cube - MacBreak Weekly 651","year":"2019","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref139","article-title":"Obama Funded China’s COVID-Leaking Lab?! — #10 Good Morning MugClub","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref137","article-title":"BEAUTY NEWS - 19 June 2020 — Getting freaky with fruit. Ep. 264","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref86","article-title":"The Dark Side of Becoming a Meme","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref138","article-title":"Add paid product placements, sponsorships & endorsements","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref85","article-title":"Why I Hate Going to the Grocery Store (During Quarantine)","author":"cow","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref135","article-title":"Suppressed Ancient Scriptures - Not All Humans Were Made With Souls","year":"2018","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref88","article-title":"VLOG: apartment upgrades, night skincare routine, & life chats","author":"amberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref136","article-title":"Canada netflix users complain as access to u.s. service blocked","author":"alexander","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reuters"},{"key":"ref87","article-title":"Ryzen 2200G + RTX 2060 in 2019 How bad could it be? (Benchmarks & More)","year":"2019","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref144","article-title":"How to Win a Fight with a Sword and Buckler","year":"2017","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref82","article-title":"Renegades React to… @Internet Historian: Incognito Mode - architecture","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref145","article-title":"VLOG: apartment upgrades, night skincare routine, & life chats","author":"amberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00220973.1988.10806492"},{"key":"ref142","article-title":"The Dark Side of Becoming a Meme","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref84","article-title":"The Truth About Tanacon Exposed in New Footage, Trudeau Allegations, and Mexico’s Future","author":"defranco","year":"2018","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref143","article-title":"The Truth About Tanacon Exposed in New Footage, Trudeau Allegations, and Mexico’s Future","author":"defranco","year":"2018","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref83","article-title":"Preet Bharara — The Ben Shapiro Show Sunday Special Ep. 74","year":"2019","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref140","article-title":"Narrated D&D Story: How I Defeated A Rakshasa Solo Because The Dungeon Master Forgot How Druids Work","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref141","article-title":"How people kept stuff cold before refrigerators","author":"ragusea","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref80","article-title":"Baby Geniuses: A Horror Film In Disguise","author":"conner","year":"2019","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref108","article-title":"My 2016 MacBook Pro and Nvidia GTX1080 eGPU","author":"busch","year":"2018","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref79","article-title":"Ghosts Are Real I Guess","author":"skeptic","year":"2018","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref109","article-title":"Tom Arnold Is LITERALLY About To Get His Ass Kicked In Front of 10,000 People In Washington DC","year":"2019","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref78","article-title":"British SJWs Ban Clapping At Manchester University","year":"2018","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref106","article-title":"Jason Bytes Back Ep. 27 - Torrent Fines, LTX 2019, WD 3.3v talk","year":"2019","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref107","article-title":"Plex makes piracy just another streaming service","author":"stephen","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Verge"},{"key":"ref104","article-title":"Dennis Prager — The Ben Shapiro Show Sunday Special Ep. 10","year":"2018","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref75","article-title":"Content analysis: a methodology for structuring and analyzing written material","author":"chelimsky","year":"1989","journal-title":"Office USGA (Ed )"},{"key":"ref105","article-title":"Dressing Like Avatar The Last Airbender Characters — LOOKBOOK","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref74","article-title":"Coding of data","author":"sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Sage encyclopedia of communication research methods"},{"key":"ref102","article-title":"7 WAYS to MAKE MONEY ONLINE — How to Save and Make Money to Become Rich","author":"zeus","year":"2018","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"Could Depression, Hysteria, or Boredom Be Worse than the Coronavirus? — 3\/19\/20","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref103","article-title":"Lube for Your Cube - MacBreak Weekly 651","author":"weekly","year":"2019","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"How engagement metrics are counted","year":"0"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/STAST.2011.6059257"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1280680.1280692"},{"key":"ref111","article-title":"BIG 3D PRINTED TANK - IT ROLLS!!","author":"miranda","year":"2019","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASRU.2013.6707758"},{"key":"ref112","article-title":"A Framework for IP Based Virtual Private Networks","author":"malis","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61468\/jofdl.v20i1.255"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASRU46091.2019.9004036"},{"key":"ref110","article-title":"Top 30 ALL-NEW Jailbreak Tweaks for iOS 12 - 12.1.2! (Best Cydia Tweaks #3)","year":"2019","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref72","article-title":"Neural speech recognizer: Acoustic-to-word 1stm model for large vocabulary speech recognition","author":"soltau","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1610 09975"},{"key":"ref119","article-title":"sslstrip","author":"marlinspike","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"Content analysis, definition of","author":"maier","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Sage encyclopedia of communication research methods"},{"key":"ref117","article-title":"Assassin’s Creed Valhalla Gameplay - Ubisoft Shared Some NEW FOOTAGE & More News (AC Valhalla News)","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref118","article-title":"Increasing HTTPS adoption","author":"panditrao","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Chromium Blog"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2017-1746"},{"key":"ref115","article-title":"Catching a Discord Predator from Space (ft. Flowmotion and kittydog)","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Youtube bans Steve Bannon’s War Room podcast channel","author":"nieva","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNET"},{"key":"ref116","article-title":"DB #460 - Sports Companion Show 08\/06\/19 - 2019 College Football Prediction Show","year":"2019","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Call In… EP. 113 Bannon’s War Room: Impeachment","year":"0","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref113","article-title":"Meet the Fortnite Scammers","author":"cook","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"Top 5 Scariest SCP Keter Class Monsters","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref114","article-title":"Acosta’s Days Are Numbered as Trump Makes Strong Push to Permanently Ban Him from WH","year":"2018","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Leelbox Q2 Android Box: Setup & Review (S905X, 2GB RAM, 8GB ROM, Dual Band WiFi, 100M Ethernet)","year":"2017","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref122","article-title":"Transformers Live Action — Top 10 Times the Movies Referenced the Cartoons!","year":"2020","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1009213286"},{"key":"ref123","article-title":"Block ads and malicious websites with cybersec","year":"0"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc7457"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"We Broke Up","year":"2018","journal-title":"YouTube"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372297.3417252"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2004.tb00738.x"}],"event":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","location":"San Francisco, CA, USA","start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]}},"container-title":["2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9833550\/9833558\/09833633.pdf?arnumber=9833633","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T23:06:41Z","timestamp":1699484801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9833633\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":150,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/sp46214.2022.9833633","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}}}