{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T18:41:12Z","timestamp":1783708872257,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-009"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-001"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001395","name":"Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/sp46214.2022.9833742","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T19:28:05Z","timestamp":1658950085000},"page":"267-284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["SoK: Authentication in Augmented and Virtual Reality"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin—Madison"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bijeeta","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin—Madison"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Earlence","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin—Madison"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin—Madison"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin—Madison"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3334480.3382827"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243778"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3428121"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AIVR46125.2019.00012"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1109\/VRW50115.2020.00070","article-title":"Within-System and Cross-System Behavior-Based Biometric Authentication in Virtual Reality","author":"miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW) VRW"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Reddit news users more likely to be male, young and digital in their news pReferences","author":"barthel","year":"0","journal-title":"Pew Research Center"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AIVR46125.2019.00058"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/38.963459"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2021.103120"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3210240.3210344"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3334480.3382799"},{"key":"ref11","year":"2022","journal-title":"Set up your apple watch"},{"key":"ref54","author":"luo","year":"0","journal-title":"Oculock Exploring human visual system for authentication in virtual reality headmounted display"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2021","journal-title":"Windows hello biometrics in the enterprise"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2020.104007"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2012.44"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-48051-9_22"},{"key":"ref18","author":"boyatzis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transforming Qualitative Information Thematic Analysis and Code Development"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA614474"},{"key":"ref50","author":"li","year":"0","journal-title":"Designing leakageresilient password entry on head-mounted smart wearable glass devices Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"AR is where the real metaverse is going to happen","author":"levy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wired"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"The tech industry is looking to replace the smartphone-- and everybody is waiting to see what Apple comes up with","author":"leswing","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNBC"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSE\/EUC.2019.00031"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOM.2016.7456514"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"The discoverability of password entry using virtual keyboards in an augmented reality wearable: An initial proof of concept","volume":"23","author":"kreider","year":"2018","journal-title":"SAIS 2018 Proceedings"},{"key":"ref41","author":"kim","year":"0","journal-title":"Periocular biometric authentication methods in head mounted display device"},{"key":"ref44","author":"kupin","year":"2018","journal-title":"TaskDriven Biometric Authentication of Users in Virtual Reality (VR) Environments"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"1","article-title":"A survey of android mobile phone authentication schemes","author":"kunda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mobile Networks and Applications"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3052973.3053042"},{"key":"ref8","year":"0","journal-title":"VIVE Tracker (3 0)"},{"key":"ref7","year":"0","journal-title":"SteamVR on Steam"},{"key":"ref9","year":"0","journal-title":"Viveport--VR games apps & videos"},{"key":"ref4","year":"0","journal-title":"Microsoft Hololens 2"},{"key":"ref3","year":"0","journal-title":"HoloLens Hardware"},{"key":"ref6","year":"0","journal-title":"Scholarly documentation"},{"key":"ref5","year":"0","journal-title":"Oculus Quest 2"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3432217"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info10100318"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3161410"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2018.2875609"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2017.7997251"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2785830.2785867"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PlatCon.2016.7456837"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3313076"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ijcns.2017.108B035"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3351239"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-48051-9_21"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3312959"},{"key":"ref74","article-title":"Exploring mobile authentication mechanisms from personal identification numbers to biometrics including the future trend","author":"thullier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Protecting Mobile Networks and Devices Challenges and Solutions CRC Press Boca Raton FL USA"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/usec.2017.23028"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APCCAS.2016.7804002"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2019.8797862"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"1","article-title":"Glassgesture: Exploring head gesture interface of smart glasses","author":"yi","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE INFOCOM 2016-The 35th Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications"},{"key":"ref2","year":"0"},{"key":"ref1","year":"0","journal-title":"CSRankings Computer Science Rankings"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"A case study of eurograbber: How 36 million euros was stolen via malware","author":"kalige","year":"2012","journal-title":"Versafe (White paper)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858436"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"484","volume":"16","author":"shen","year":"0","journal-title":"Gaitlock Protect virtual and augmented reality headsets using gait"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858152"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174221"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"1","article-title":"An offensive and defensive exposition of wearable computing","author":"shrestha","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surveys (CSUR)"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Virtual reality (vr) and augmented reality (ar) device ownership and purchase intent among consumers in the united states as of 1st quarter 2017, by gender","author":"clement","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Statisticain"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"29","article-title":"A survey on augmented reality challenges and tracking","author":"rabbi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta graphica znanstveni ?asopis za tiskarstvo i grafi?ke komunikacije"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Distribution of computer and video gamers in the united states from 2006 to 2020, by gender","author":"clement","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Statisticain"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300340"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-22643-5_33"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Security and privacy approaches in mixed reality: A literature survey","volume":"6","author":"guzman j a","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surveys (CSUR)"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2580723.2580730"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"How vr is training the perfect soldier","author":"parkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wareable"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Gesturebased continuous authentication for wearable devices: the google glass case","author":"chauhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1412 2855"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3385378.3385385"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"353","author":"pensieri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virtual Reality in Medicine"},{"key":"ref22","author":"clement","year":"2020","journal-title":"COVID-19 Impact on time spent using vr in the U S"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"404","volume":"47","author":"peng","year":"0","journal-title":"Continuous authentication with touch behavioral biometrics and voice on wearable glasses"},{"key":"ref21","author":"chen","year":"0","journal-title":"User authentication via electrical muscle stimulation"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2046614.2046618"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3334480.3382888"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"a stalker's paradise” How intimate partner abusers exploit technology","author":"freed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"},{"key":"ref60","author":"musser","year":"0","journal-title":"Smartphones are on their way out and augmented reality is coming to replace them"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20102944"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Unsure how to authenticate on your vr headset? come on, use your head!","author":"mustafa","year":"2018","journal-title":"IWSPA'18 March 19-21 2018 Tempe AZ USA"}],"event":{"name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","location":"San Francisco, CA, USA","start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]}},"container-title":["2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9833550\/9833558\/09833742.pdf?arnumber=9833742","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T23:23:31Z","timestamp":1699485811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9833742\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":81,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/sp46214.2022.9833742","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}}}