{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:09:48Z","timestamp":1773965388982,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"IEEE","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/sysose.2017.7994936","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]],"date-time":"2017-07-31T16:38:17Z","timestamp":1501519097000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The making of a system of systems: Ontology reveals the true nature of emergence"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Gary","family":"Langford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Langford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt6wrcvz"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1358246107000203"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1002\/sys.20185","article-title":"COIM: an object-process based method for analyzing architectures of complex, interconnected, large-scale socio-technical systems","volume":"14","author":"carlos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Systems Engineering"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA607935"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-015-0237-x","volume":"10","author":"dalkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Implementation Science"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Meme and Variations: A Computational Model of Cultural Evolution","volume":"vi","author":"gabora","year":"1995","journal-title":"SFI Studies in the Science of Complexity Lecture"},{"key":"ref16","volume":"3","author":"feynman","year":"1970","journal-title":"The Feynman Lectures on Physics"},{"key":"ref17","author":"torgerson","year":"1967","journal-title":"Theory and Methods of Scaling"},{"key":"ref18","author":"pawson","year":"1989","journal-title":"A Measure for Measures a manifesto for empirical sociology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvcm4j6k","author":"rueschemeyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Usable Theory Analytic Tools for Social and Political Research"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"The role of ontologies for designing accounting information systems","author":"lupasc","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Annals of &#x201C;Dunarea de Jos"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b12006"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"The REA accounting model: a generalized framework for accounting systems in a shared data environment","volume":"lvii","author":"mccarthy","year":"1982","journal-title":"The Accounting Review"},{"key":"ref3","author":"sowa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Knowledge Representation Logical Philosophical and Computational Foundations"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"129","article-title":"Foundations of the General Theory of Sets, I","author":"stanislaw","year":"1916","journal-title":"Stanislaw Lesniewski Collected Works [Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 44]"},{"key":"ref5","author":"simon","year":"1987","journal-title":"Parts A Study in Ontology"},{"key":"ref8","author":"goodman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ways of Worldmaking"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"141","article-title":"Homeostasis, species, and higher taxa","author":"boyd","year":"1999","journal-title":"Species New Interdisciplinary Essays"},{"key":"ref2","volume":"379","author":"langford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toward a General Theory of Systems Integration"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56209-9"},{"key":"ref1","author":"lesniewski","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lesniewski's Lecture Notes in Logic"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"562","article-title":"Entry, exit, growth, and innovation over the product life cycle","volume":"86","author":"klepper","year":"1996","journal-title":"The American Economic Review"},{"key":"ref22","author":"sage","year":"2000","journal-title":"Introduction to Systems Engineering"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"13","author":"lewes","year":"1875","journal-title":"Problems of Life and Mind"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Social exchange theory under scrutiny: a positive critique of its economic-behaviorist formulations","volume":"2","author":"zafirovski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"2","article-title":"New Insights on Organizational Change","volume":"7","author":"seel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Organisations & People"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Diseconomies of Scale in Systems Engineering","author":"valerdi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) 2011"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Emergence, Intrinsic Structure of Information, and Agenthood","author":"polani","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS)"}],"event":{"name":"2017 12th System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSE)","location":"Waikoloa, HI, USA","start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,18]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]]}},"container-title":["2017 12th System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSE)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/7986734\/7994924\/07994936.pdf?arnumber=7994936","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T17:24:38Z","timestamp":1569950678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7994936\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/sysose.2017.7994936","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}}}