{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T14:13:17Z","timestamp":1761401597057,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Affective Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/t-affc.2011.34","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,13]],"date-time":"2011-10-13T20:41:12Z","timestamp":1318538472000},"page":"165-183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Building Autonomous Sensitive Artificial Listeners"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Schroder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Bevacqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Cowie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Eyben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Gunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Heylen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"ter Maat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"McKeown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Pammi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Pantic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Pelachaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Schuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"de Sevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Valstar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Wollmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199235018.003.0004"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"567","article-title":"On Getting a Word in Edgewise","volume-title":"Chicago Linguistic Soc. Papers from the Sixth Regional Meeting","volume":"6","author":"Yngve"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the Semantics and Pragmatics of Linguistic Feedback","volume-title":"J. Semantics","volume":"9","author":"Allwood","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/412243"},{"volume-title":"Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition","year":"2000","author":"Jurafsky","key":"ref5"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref6","first-page":"27","article-title":"Toward Conversational Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"22","author":"Allen","year":"2001","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"55","article-title":"Incremental, Multi-Level Processing for Comprehending Situated Dialogue in Human-Robot Interaction","volume-title":"Proc. Symp. Language and Robots","author":"Kruijff"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0024648"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9783\/9780812201284"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-AFFC.2011.20"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/319406"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2010.2057200"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2011.5771417"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15892-6_39"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2011.5771416"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15892-6_48"},{"article-title":"Building Credible Agents: Behaviour Influenced By Personality and Emotional Traits","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Kansei Eng. and Emotion Research","author":"Bevacqua","key":"ref17"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/ICSLP.1994-179"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.880078"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"An Architecture for More Realistic Conversational Systems","volume-title":"Proc. Sixth Int\u2019l Conf. Intelligent User Interfaces","author":"Allen","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2007-705"},{"article-title":"Flexible Turn-Taking for Spoken Dialog Systems","year":"2008","author":"Raux","key":"ref22"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-2166(99)00109-5"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/SpeechProsody.2006-204"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","first-page":"285","article-title":"Non-Verbal Communication Strategies to Improve Robustness in Dialogue Systems: A Comparative Study","volume-title":"J. Multimodal User Interfaces","volume":"3","author":"Pardo","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"47","article-title":"Smartkom: Symmetric Multimodality in an Adaptive and Reusable Dialogue Shell","volume-title":"Proc. Human Computer Interaction Status Conf.","volume":"3","author":"Wahlster"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2697.003.0004","article-title":"Human Conversation As a System Framework: Designing Embodied Conversational Agents","volume-title":"Embodied Conversational Agents","author":"Cassell","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Expression of Affects in Embodied Conversational Agents","volume-title":"A Blueprint for Affective Computing","author":"Hyniewska","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84800-306-4_7"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2008.02.002"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11590361_8"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15892-6_50"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"126","article-title":"A Survey of Affect Recognition Methods: Audio, Visual and Spontaneous Expressions","volume-title":"Proc. Ninth Int\u2019l Conf. Multimodal Interfaces","author":"Zeng","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2009.12.003"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"123","article-title":"An Emotion-Aware Voice Portal","volume-title":"Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Electronic Speech Signal Processing","author":"Burkhardt"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0022-4537.00153"},{"article-title":"Criteria and Scope Conditions for a Theory and Measure of Social Presence","volume-title":"Proc. Fourth Ann. Int\u2019l Presence Workshop","author":"Biocca","key":"ref37"},{"article-title":"Who\u2019s There? Can a Virtual Agent Really Elicit Social Presence","volume-title":"Proc. 12th Ann. Int\u2019l Workshop Presence","author":"von der P\u00fctten","key":"ref38"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2697.003.0002","article-title":"Nudge Nudge Wink Wink: Elements of Face-To-Face Conversation for Embodied Conversational Agents","volume-title":"Embodied Conversational Agents","author":"Cassell","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Building Expression Into Virtual Characters","volume-title":"Proc. Eurographics Conf. State of the Art Report","author":"Vinayagamoorthy","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-73819-2_8"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"321","article-title":"Generating Listening Behaviour","volume-title":"Emotion-Oriented Systems\u2014The Humaine Handbook","author":"Heylen","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219843606000746"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74997-4_12"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1620932.1620941"},{"article-title":"The Tao of CHI: Towards Effective Human-Computer Interaction","volume-title":"Proc. Human Language Technology Conf. North Am. Chapter of the Assoc. for Computational Linguistics","author":"Porzel","key":"ref46"},{"volume-title":"Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information","year":"1982","author":"Marr","key":"ref47"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077714"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/365153.365168"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Sensitive Artificial Listener: An Induction Technique for Generating Emotionally Coloured Conversation","volume-title":"Proc. Workshop Corpora for Research on Emotion and Affect","author":"Douglas-Cowie"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-76442-7_23"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Statistical Analysis of Data from Initial Labelled Database and Recommendations for an Economical Coding Scheme","volume-title":"SEMAINE Report D6b","author":"Cowie","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.02024.x"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0539018405058216"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.67.3.525"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"19","article-title":"\u2018FEELTRACE\u2019: An Instrument for Recording Perceived Emotion in Real Time","volume-title":"Proc. ISCA Workshop Speech and Emotion","author":"Cowie"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15184-2_13"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6393(02)00071-7"},{"article-title":"Real Life Emotions in French and English TV Video Clips: An Integrated Annotation Protocol Combining Continuous and Discrete Approaches","volume-title":"Proc. Fifth Int\u2019l Conf. Language Resources and Evaluation","author":"Devillers","key":"ref59"},{"volume-title":"Mind Reading: The Interactive Guide to Emotions","year":"2004","author":"Baron-Cohen","key":"ref60"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"42","article-title":"The Emotional and Communicative Significance of Head Nods and Shakes in a Naturalistic Database","volume-title":"Proc. Language Resources and Evaluation Workshop Emotion Corpora","author":"Cowie"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"EMMA: Extensible MultiModal Annotation Markup Language","volume-title":"World Wide Web Consortium, W3C Recommendation","author":"Johnston","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11821830_17"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2009-474"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"User-Profiled Human Behaviour Interpreter","volume-title":"SEMAINE Report D3c","author":"Eyben","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2010-97"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2009.4960492"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-010-9041-8"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2009.4960543"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000013087.49260.fb"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1017623"},{"volume-title":"LibSVM: A Library for Support Vector Machines","year":"2001","author":"Chang","key":"ref72"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2009.02.013"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jse.2010101605"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1931344.1931356"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2010.900"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1877826.1877836"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11550617_3"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-2166(99)00109-5"},{"volume-title":"Mind, Hands, Face and Body. A Goal and Belief View of Multimodal Communication","year":"2007","author":"Poggi","key":"ref80"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15892-6_20"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04380-2_6"},{"article-title":"Distinctiveness in Multimodal Behaviors","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent System","author":"Mancini","key":"ref83"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Blizzard.2009-6"},{"key":"ref85","article-title":"Multilingual Voice Creation Toolkit for the MARY TTS Platform","volume-title":"Proc. Language Resources and Evaluation Workshop","author":"Pammi","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref86","article-title":"Synthesis of Listener Vocalisations With Imposed Intonation Contours","volume-title":"Proc. Seventh ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop Speech Synthesis","author":"Pammi","year":"2010"},{"article-title":"Greta: An Interactive Expressive Eca System","volume-title":"Proc. Eighth Int\u2019l Conf. Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems","author":"Niewiadomski","key":"ref87"},{"key":"ref88","article-title":"Usability Testing Emotion-Oriented Computing Systems: Psychometric Assessment","volume-title":"HUMAINE Deliverable D9f","author":"Westerman","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0139"},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"213","article-title":"Prosodic and Related Features that Signify Emotional Colouring in Conversational Speech","volume-title":"The Role of Prosody in Affective Speech Studies in Language and Communication","volume":"97","author":"Cowie","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref91","first-page":"184","article-title":"Embodiment in Attitudes, Social Perception, and Emotion","volume-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Rev.","volume":"9","author":"Niedenthal","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref92","first-page":"77","article-title":"Cross-Corpus Classification of Realistic Emotions\u2014Some Pilot Experiments","volume-title":"Proc. LREC Workshop Emotion Corpora","author":"Eyben"},{"key":"ref93","first-page":"58","article-title":"Towards Measuring Similarity between Emotional Corpora","volume-title":"Proc. LREC Workshop Emotion Corpora","author":"Brendel"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00013"},{"article-title":"Ergonomic Requirements for Office Work With Visual Display Terminals (VDTs)\u2014Part 11: Guidance on Usability","volume-title":"Int\u2019l Standards Organisation, ISO Standard ISO 9241-11","year":"1998","key":"ref95"},{"key":"ref96","first-page":"271","article-title":"PARADISE: A Framework for Evaluating Spoken Dialogue Agents","volume-title":"Proc. Eighth Conf. European Chapter of the Assoc. for Computational Linguistics","author":"Walker","year":"1997"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref97","first-page":"34","article-title":"Measuring Consumer Emotions in Service Encounters: An Exploratory Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Edwardson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Australasian J. Market Research"},{"volume-title":"Beyond Boredom and Anxiety","year":"1975","author":"Csikszentmihalyi","key":"ref98"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1651"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1145\/1124772.1124946","article-title":"The Sensual Evaluation Instrument: Developing an Affective Evaluation Tool","volume-title":"Proc. SIGCHI Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Isbister","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref101","article-title":"Statistical Analysis of Data from Initial Labelled Database and Recommendations for an Economical Coding Scheme","volume-title":"SEMAINE Project","author":"Cowie","year":"2010"},{"article-title":"Emotionally Coloured Discourse: Nonverbal Behaviours as Indicators of Communication Breakdown","volume-title":"Proc. British Psychological Soc. Northern Ireland Branch Ann. Conf.","author":"Breaden-Madden","key":"ref102"},{"article-title":"Long-Term Human-Robot Interaction with Young Users","volume-title":"Proc. Workshop Robots with Children at Human-Robot Interaction","author":"Baxter","key":"ref103"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx5\/5165369\/6237467\/06042855.pdf?arnumber=6042855","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T04:29:41Z","timestamp":1742185781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6042855\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/t-affc.2011.34","relation":{},"ISSN":["1949-3045"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1949-3045"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}}}