{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T12:19:25Z","timestamp":1769861965453,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Defense Science &amp; Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program"},{"name":"NSF","award":["1837253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1837253"]}]},{"name":"NSF","award":["1943064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1943064"]}]},{"name":"NSF","award":["1934876"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1934876"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA9550-20-1-0111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9550-20-1-0111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"DCIST-CRA"},{"name":"NSF","award":["CPS-2038873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPS-2038873"]}]},{"name":"CAREER","award":["ECCS-2045834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECCS-2045834"]}]},{"name":"CAREER","award":["SLES-2331880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLES-2331880"]}]},{"name":"CAREER","award":["ECCS-2231349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECCS-2231349"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tac.2024.3492318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T15:04:33Z","timestamp":1730991873000},"page":"3133-3148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Performance\u2013Robustness Tradeoffs in Adversarially Robust Control and Estimation"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8123-9245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce D.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6272-7622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas T.C.K.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9448-8750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamed","family":"Hassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4936-3921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolai","family":"Matni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Offline reinforcement learning: Tutorial, review, and perspectives on open problems","author":"Levine","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/2200000086"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364920987859"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Essentials of Robust Control","author":"Zhou","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SSCI47803.2020.9308468"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1978.1101812"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Robust and Optimal Control","author":"Zhou","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Control of Uncertain Systems: A Linear Programming Approach","author":"Dahleh","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"2817","article-title":"Robust adversarial reinforcement learning","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Pinto","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ACC.1989.4790529"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.1990.203334"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2007.380653"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1471"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ACC45564.2020.9147981"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.1993.325900"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6911(88)90055-2"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ACC.1988.4789831"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-1098(91)90079-H"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1426972"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC42340.2020.9303967"},{"issue":"2022","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1109\/LCSYS.2021.3086842","article-title":"Toward a scalable upper bound for a CVaR-LQ problem","volume":"6","author":"Chapman","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Control Syst. Lett."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2023.3253304"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2022.3218769"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"408","article-title":"The Nonstochastic Control Problem","volume-title":"Proc. ALT","author":"Hazan","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Feedback Control Theory","author":"Doyle","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-0965-5"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2016.7798480"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40994-3_25"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Explaining and harnessing adversarial examples","volume-title":"Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.06083"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2017.49"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"7472","article-title":"Theoretically principled trade-off between robustness and accuracy","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Zhang","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"2034","article-title":"Precise tradeoffs in adversarial training for linear regression","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Learn. Theory","author":"Javanmard","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/24-AOS2353"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Robustness may be at odds with accuracy","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Tsipras","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"1646","article-title":"Generalized no free lunch theorem for adversarial robustness","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Dohmatob","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"7085","article-title":"Rademacher complexity for adversarially robust generalization","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Yin","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"2040","article-title":"Robust deep reinforcement learning with adversarial attacks","volume-title":"Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Auton. Agents MultiAgent Syst.","author":"Pattanaik","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ACC45564.2020.9147846"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2017.8206245"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC48978.2021.9564579"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC51059.2022.9992393"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ACC55779.2023.10156358"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3561-8","volume-title":"Optimal Control and Related Minimax Design Problems","author":"Basar","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611970760"},{"key":"ref46","volume-title":"The H. Control Problem: A State Space Approach","author":"Stoorvogel","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/9.29425"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207179108934198"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511804441"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"1467","article-title":"Global convergence of policy gradient methods for the linear quadratic regulator","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Fazel","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Certainty equivalence is efficient for linear quadratic control","volume":"32","author":"Mania","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"954","article-title":"How are learned perception-based controllers impacted by the limits of robust control?","volume-title":"Proc. Learn. Dyn. Control","author":"Xu","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-control-042920-020021"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/9\/10977569\/10746314-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/9\/10977569\/10746314.pdf?arnumber=10746314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T21:06:59Z","timestamp":1769807219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10746314\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tac.2024.3492318","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9286","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2523","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2334-3303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}}}