{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T18:23:06Z","timestamp":1775326986143,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-OE0000780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-OE0000780"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"United States Government"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/taes.2018.2879532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]],"date-time":"2018-11-09T23:58:00Z","timestamp":1541807880000},"page":"1907-1919","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["GPS Multireceiver Joint Direct Time Estimation and Spoofer Localization"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2158-5365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sriramya","family":"Bhamidipati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1807-8637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace Xingxin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","author":"gebre-egziabher","year":"2009","journal-title":"GNSS Applications and Methods"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.44"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2017.2765258"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"2042","article-title":"Automatic gain control (AGC) as an interference assessment tool","author":"bastide","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc ION GPS\/GNSS 16th Int Tech Meeting Satell Division Inst Navigation"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.19"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2007.357129"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"30","article-title":"Signal authentication: A secure civil GNSS for today","author":"lo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inside GNSS"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2016.2532963","article-title":"Robust GNSS receivers by array signal processing: Theory and implementation","volume":"104","author":"fern\u00e1ndez-prades","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"2853","article-title":"Autonomous spoofing detection and mitigation with a miniaturized adaptive antenna array","author":"konovaltsev","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS)"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"40","article-title":"A multi-antenna defense: Receiver-autonomous GPS spoofing detection","volume":"4","author":"montgomery","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inside GNSS"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2991079.2991092"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"884","article-title":"Analysis of a simple, multiple receiver GPS spoof detector","author":"swaszek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Int Tech Meeting Inst Navigat"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2973750.2973753"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Time Synchronization in Electric Power System","year":"2017","journal-title":"The North American Synchrophasor Initiative NASPI-2017-TR-001 PNNL-26331"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2010.2060450"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Attack resilient GPS based timing for phasor measurement units using multi-receiver direct time estimation","author":"bhamidipati","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2007.916092"},{"key":"ref21","year":"0"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2046707.2046719"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2016.2526658"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897166"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.65","article-title":"A survey of spoofing and counter-measures","volume":"61","author":"g\u00fcnther","year":"2014","journal-title":"Navigation J Inst Navigation"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-4296.2011.tb02588.x"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"1958","article-title":"Direct position estimation approach outperforms conventional two-steps positioning","author":"closas","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 17th Eur Signal Process Conf"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"52","article-title":"Python GNSS receiver: An object-oriented software platform suitable for multiple receivers","volume":"26","author":"wycoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"GPS World Mag"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"1","article-title":"Accuracy analysis for TDOA localization in sensor networks","author":"kaune","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 14th Int Conf Inf Fusion"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1485583"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"RF path loss & transmission distance calculations","author":"debus","year":"2006","journal-title":"DOC# 8545-0003-01"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2017.2691921"},{"key":"ref10","author":"misra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Global Positioning System Signals Measurements and Performance"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2016.2535898"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2012.6324665"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2016.2530814"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Interface Specification, IS-GPS-200 Revision E","year":"0"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2014.2346088"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"19","article-title":"GPS spoofing countermeasures","volume":"25","author":"warner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Homeland Security"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reliable GPS-based timing for power system applications: A multi-layered multi-receiver approach","author":"heng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Power Energy Conf Illinois"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"600","article-title":"Robust GPS-based timing for PMUs based on multi-receiver position-information-aided vector tracking","author":"chou","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Tech Meeting Inst Navigat"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Spoofing in the Black Sea: What really happened?","author":"jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"GPS World"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcip.2012.09.003"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2017.7953616"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM.2014.6939823"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Time distribution alternatives for the smart grid","author":"goldstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"NIST Special Publication"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17020370"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWSSC.2009.5286378"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"On time desynchronization attack against IEEE 1588 protocol in power grid systems","author":"yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Energytech"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2006.888360"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5081\/jgps.7.2.156"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"961","article-title":"Cramer&#x2013;Rao bound and optimum sensor array for source localization from time differences of arrival","volume":"4","author":"yang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Acoust Speech Signal Process"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2017.15333"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"3634","article-title":"A direct position tracking loop for GNSS receivers","author":"liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Int Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS)"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/000313005X20871"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2627393.2627398"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"1543","article-title":"Anti-spoofing & authenticated signal architectures for civil navigation systems","author":"scott","year":"0","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation ION GPS\/GNSS"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2016.14682"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS.2016.7479735"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/7\/8791032\/08528431.pdf?arnumber=8528431","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T18:43:44Z","timestamp":1662403424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8528431\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/taes.2018.2879532","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9251","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9603","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2371-9877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}}}