{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:54:49Z","timestamp":1787068489208,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/taes.2024.3517574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T19:01:36Z","timestamp":1734116496000},"page":"5002-5016","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["CNN-Based Pose Estimation of a Noncooperative Spacecraft With Symmetries From LiDAR Point Clouds"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0726-299X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e9o","family":"Renaut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0836-9171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heike","family":"Frei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3870-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"N\u00fcchter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Informatics XVII—Robotics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.783792"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2631524"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Geosynchronous space situational awareness program","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Clearspace-1 mission: ESA and clearspace team up to remove debris","volume-title":"Proc. 8th Eur. Conf. Space Debris","author":"Biesbroek","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paerosci.2019.05.008"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16060824"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Initial pose estimation using PMD sensor during the rendezvous phase in on-orbit servicing missions","volume-title":"Proc. 27th AIAA\/AAS Space Flight Mech. Meeting","author":"Klionovska","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2016-5591"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.g004468"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-51928-4_88"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2016.05.007"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.20420"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18041009"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s150306360"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paerosci.2017.07.001"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.57955"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15092286"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2018.2802438"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCC57168.2023.00015"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSPACESE.2014.060600","article-title":"Pose estimation of an uncooperative spacecraft from actual space imagery","volume":"2","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Space Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2019-2005"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-015-0824-y"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13031420"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5540108"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2513405"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2003.1249285"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041455"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13214239"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2023.02.010"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2017.2650785"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.G005042"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2019.00343"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01561"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/aerospace7110159"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00474"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Real-time, flight-ready, non-cooperative spacecraft pose estimation using monocular imagery","volume-title":"Proc. 31st AIAA\/AAS Space Flight Mech. Meeting","author":"Black","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2020.2999148"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA40945.2020.9197244"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"6105","article-title":"Rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Tan","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2023.03.036"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Pose estimation for non-cooperative rendezvous using neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. 29th AIAA\/AAS Space Flight Mechan. Meeting","author":"Sharma","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"112","article-title":"CubeSat-CDT: A cross-domain dataset for 6-DoF trajectory estimation of a symmetric spacecraft","volume-title":"Proc. 17th Eur. Conf. Comput. Vis. Workshops","author":"Mohamed Ali","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2022.04.002"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2023.02.024"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"652","article-title":"PointNet: Deep learning on point sets for 3D classification and segmentation","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit.","author":"Qi","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3326362"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2020.07.034"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2022.08.049"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2023.3262505"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910320614"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00140"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr.2009.5206848"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Transfer learning & fine-tuning","author":"Chollet","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24031-7_20"},{"issue":"PMLR","key":"ref55","first-page":"1","article-title":"CARLA: An open urban driving simulator","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Robot Learn.","author":"Dosovitskiy","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112772"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging2010005"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144722"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2151237X.2005.10129188"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1198555.1198746"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/280811.280980"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"213","article-title":"Normalization of LiDAR intensity data based on range and surface incidence angle","volume":"38","author":"Jutzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"20","article-title":"Development of LiDAR measurement simulator considering target surface reflection","volume-title":"Proc. 8th Eur. Conf. Space Debris","author":"Nakajima","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17815\/jlsrf-3-155"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cbo9780511543388"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13009\/EUCASS2017-317"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","volume-title":"Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Kingma","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"10096","article-title":"EfficientNetV2: Smaller models and faster training","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Tan","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/7\/10963970\/10801205.pdf?arnumber=10801205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T17:43:59Z","timestamp":1744652639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10801205\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/taes.2024.3517574","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9251","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9603","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2371-9877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}}}