{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T15:53:01Z","timestamp":1782402781875,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/taes.2025.3562535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T13:33:38Z","timestamp":1745933618000},"page":"11128-11140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["End-to-End Learning for Radar Electronic Support: Multilabel Classification and Explainable AI"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3152-4072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Scholl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for High Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques (FHR), Wachtberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3441-7547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandana","family":"Panati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for High Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques (FHR), Wachtberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9309-4111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for High Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques (FHR), Wachtberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"ELINT: The Interception and Analysis of Radar Signals (Artech House Radar Library Series)","author":"Wiley","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","first-page":"86","article-title":"CFAR processor for ESM systems applications","volume-title":"IEE Proc.Radar, Sonar Navigation","volume":"147","author":"Khalighi","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"61","article-title":"A novel detection method of unmodulated radar pulses in scenarios with interference for digital wideband ESM receivers","volume-title":"Proc. 16th Eur. Radar Conf.","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Practical ESM Analysis (Artech House Electronic Warfare Library Series)","author":"Robertson","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2788942"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9970879"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-f-2.1989.0025"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/7.845217"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(97)00194-1"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2024.3367287"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2023.3268020"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2018.2874139"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP39728.2021.9415025"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP40776.2020.9053409"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2022.3193948"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2020.3004208"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2016.7727371"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Radar emitter classification with attribute-specific recurrent neural networks","author":"Notaro","year":"2019"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref19","article-title":"Specific radar recognition based on characteristics of emitted radio waveforms using convolutional neural networks","volume-title":"Sensors","volume":"21","author":"Matuszewski","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref20","first-page":"410","article-title":"Radar emitter multi-label recognition based on residual network","volume-title":"Defence Technol.","volume":"18","author":"Hong-Hai","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2020.3009195"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/rsn2.12220"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref23","article-title":"Towards single-component and dual-component radar emitter signal intra-pulse modulation classification based on convolutional neural network and transformer","volume-title":"Remote Sens.","volume":"14","author":"Yuan","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EuRAD58043.2023.10289566"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"EfficientNet: Rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. 36th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Tan","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01167"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Multi-scale context aggregation by dilated convolutions","volume-title":"Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Yu","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-019-01228-7"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2018.00097"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Smoothgrad: Removing noise by adding noise","author":"Smilkov","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW50498.2020.00020"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"A unified approach to interpreting model predictions","author":"Lundberg","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10590-1_53"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/7\/11202402\/10980263.pdf?arnumber=10980263","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T05:03:43Z","timestamp":1760418223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10980263\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/taes.2025.3562535","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9251","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9603","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2371-9877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}}}