{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T16:09:02Z","timestamp":1784218142350,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2333212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2333212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62071021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62071021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61827901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61827901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005090","name":"Beijing Nova Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022484107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022484107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005090","name":"Beijing Nova Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20230484338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20230484338"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005090","name":"Beijing Nova Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20240484539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240484539"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L244045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L244045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education and Research"},{"name":"FoReLab Project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/taes.2025.3610464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T17:35:53Z","timestamp":1758044153000},"page":"17785-17803","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dual-Functional IRS Design for ISAC via Reinforcement Learning in Unknown Environment"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7831-3857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weitong","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1893-7606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangrong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9437-2379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengwei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3804-2949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Sabrina","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5362-7320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulvio","family":"Gini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9160-048X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mwc.001.2000220"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jstsp.2021.3110312"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/taes.2023.3271614"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsp.2022.3185892"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/msp.2019.2900571"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/radar.2018.8378644"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsp.2015.2505667"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2015.0484"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/taes.2018.2866038"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsp.2020.2994394"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2017.2774762"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2022.3225920"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jstsp.2021.3118888"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsp.2018.2847648"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2021.3122889"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2021.3132368"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsp.2023.3278858"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jstsp.2021.3113120"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mwc.002.2200206"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mcom.001.1900107"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lsp.2021.3134899"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2021.3102446"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsp.2023.3320092"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsp.2022.3158024"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icassp40776.2020.9053695"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lcomm.2021.3079322"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2021.3115161"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2021.3123674"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsp.2023.3317729"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2023.3286450"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcst.2025.3583619"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2023.3331521"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2022.3219140"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsp.2021.3135692"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2022.3219888"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction","volume":"2","author":"Sutton","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsp.2023.3252885"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/taes.2021.3061809"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsp.2020.2967181"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jstsp.2024.3394970"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Spectral Analysis of Signals","volume":"1","author":"Stoica","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2023.3312723"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lwc.2024.3349488"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsac.2022.3155546"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsp.2002.805266"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/msp.2024.3496396"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"CVX: Matlab software for disciplined convex programming","author":"Grant","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2020.3004330"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2021.3072729"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2023.3321931"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lwc.2023.3334275"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2024.3353336"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsp.2023.3275274"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2023.3332856"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2023.3313938"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2024.3361939"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2023.3248657"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2023.3305005"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2023.3308373"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/7\/11283081\/11165137.pdf?arnumber=11165137","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T06:17:46Z","timestamp":1765261066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11165137\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/taes.2025.3610464","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9251","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9603","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2371-9877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}}}