{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T15:33:23Z","timestamp":1773243203844,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"MSCA Industrial Doctorate program"},{"name":"European Union&#x2019;s Horizon Europe research and innovation program","award":["101072798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101072798"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/taes.2025.3648691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T18:25:17Z","timestamp":1766773517000},"page":"3522-3535","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modeling RF Front End of Active Integrated Antenna Array for Direct-to-Device Communications"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4970-9698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aymeric","family":"Cailleux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sensors Signals and Systems, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, U.K."}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Rochas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thales Alenia Space France, Toulouse, France"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sensors Signals and Systems, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, U.K."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5513-1978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haijun","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sensors Signals and Systems, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, U.K."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5953-3800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sensors Signals and Systems, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, U.K."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4298-7005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Fraysse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thales Alenia Space France, Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8042-2347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Goussetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sensors Signals and Systems, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, U.K."}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2021.3072690"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3379017"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2023.3244773"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3257102"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2020.2984300"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Technical specification group radio access network;solutions for NR to support non-terrestrial networks (NTN)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Bluewalker 3","author":"Mobile","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Going GaN: Novel chips powering space missions","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMM.2019.2898020"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/22.989976"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMM.2010.937100"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2006.1642564"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3294873"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2014.6848309"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2017.2691218"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2020.3028493"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for broadcasting, interactive services, news gathering and other broadband satellite applications; Part 2: DVB-S2 extensions (DVB-S2X)","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Antenna Theory","author":"Balanis","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2008.2005652"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2019.2909898"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2011.2141972"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2020.2995657"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/mmce\/5999155"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1981.1094911"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"193","article-title":"The effect of solid state power amplifiers (SSPAs) nonlinearities on MPSK and M-QAM signal transmission","volume-title":"Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Digit. Process. Signals Commun.","author":"Ghorbani","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"179","article-title":"Effects of HPA-nonlinearity on 4-DPSK\/OFDM-signal for a digital sound broadcasting system","volume":"332","author":"Rapp","year":"1991","journal-title":"ESA Spec. Pub."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1976.1093422"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20010940"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1979.1101990"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2015.7414011"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3097775"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3147353"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3311487"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO63441.2025.11068552"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2017.2766067"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.1979.308734"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2010.06.080676"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3182757"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14174319"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14071317"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3351876"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3131573"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3367726"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Technical specification group radio access network; NR; user equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception; Part 5: Satellite access radio frequency (RF) and performance requirements","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Technical specification group radio access network; NR; physical channels and modulation","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWIOS.2019.8724532"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JRPROC.1936.228468"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/183"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.3521"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MW-M.2006.247914"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3009850"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMW.2006.1638289"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2006.879264"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2018.2845947"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.310010"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Technical specification group radio access network;study on new radio (NR) to support non-terrestrial networks","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Technical specification group radio access network; evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA); base station (BS) radio transmission and reception","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/7\/11316225\/11316430.pdf?arnumber=11316430","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T19:55:42Z","timestamp":1773172542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11316430\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":57,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/taes.2025.3648691","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9251","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9603","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2371-9877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}