{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T21:07:46Z","timestamp":1774991266076,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["124B2031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["124B2031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12202281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12202281"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University Scientific Research Initiation Foundation","award":["G2024KY05103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2024KY05103"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Shanghai Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["23ZR1461800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23ZR1461800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/taes.2026.3657323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T21:01:34Z","timestamp":1769202094000},"page":"5213-5229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Nonfixed-Duration Turn-Based Orbital Game Algorithm Based on History-Aware and Predictive Result Reward Proximal Policy Optimization"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4199-5644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuyang","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3663-3996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5223-7040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"}]},{"given":"Tongshu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8771-6678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2219-1317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaopeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Xi’an, China"}]},{"given":"Zhansheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, Shanghai, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cja.2025.103480"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","first-page":"159","article-title":"Autonomous proximity manoeuvring using artificial potential functions","volume":"17","author":"McInnes","year":"1993","journal-title":"ESA J."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/3.21375"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref4","first-page":"94","article-title":"Optimization multiple-impulse orbital rendezvous basing on multiple mutation adaptive genetic algorithms","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Simul."},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"The attack orbit optimization of space attack and defense","author":"Li","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Research on station keeping and orbital transfer of geostationary satellites by impulse and electric propulsion","author":"Kuai","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2020.3024423"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Differential Games","author":"Isaacs","year":"1965"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2014-4131"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","first-page":"30","article-title":"Pursuit-evasion game control for approaching space non-cooperative target","volume":"4","author":"Chai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Astronaut. Syst. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2021.107112"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cja.2024.06.002"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082253"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2025.3624706"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JSEE.2021.000079"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/jimo.2021016"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2022.05.057"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2025.3552073"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2022.107812"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2023.108604"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","first-page":"33","article-title":"Multi-stage reinforcement learning method for orbital pursuit-evasion game of spacecrafts","volume":"39","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aerosp. Shanghai"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2023.03.014"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/space.0086"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref24","first-page":"1522","article-title":"Reinforcement learning method for multi-spacecraft orbital game with incomplete information","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Astronaut."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-1083-6_46"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cja.2024.08.036"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.110231"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2025.10.020"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Proximal policy optimization algorithms","author":"Schulman","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref30","first-page":"48","article-title":"Research on fuel consumption of pulse orbiting in space rendezvous","volume":"7","author":"Xiang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spacecr. Eng."}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/7\/11316225\/11362924.pdf?arnumber=11362924","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T19:54:15Z","timestamp":1774986855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11362924\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/taes.2026.3657323","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9251","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9603","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2371-9877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}