{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:25:50Z","timestamp":1783466750626,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Affective Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/taffc.2023.3276425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T19:45:27Z","timestamp":1684266327000},"page":"79-92","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The Ethics of AI in Games"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2692-7061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Melhart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"modl.ai, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Togelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"modl.ai, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikte","family":"Mikkelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"modl.ai, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoffer","family":"Holmg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"modl.ai, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2728-4026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios N.","family":"Yannakakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"modl.ai, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Dark patterns in the design of games","volume-title":"Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Foundations Digit. Games","author":"Zagal","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.07.017"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"975","article-title":"Ethical considerations for player modeling","volume-title":"Proc. 31st AAAI Conf. Artif. Intell.","author":"Mikkelsen"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315156378-6"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3402942.3402964"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CoG52621.2021.9619090"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"45","article-title":"Player modeling","volume":"6","author":"Yannakakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Artif. Comput. Intell. Games"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIG.2014.6932911"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"459","article-title":"Emotion in games","volume":"2014","author":"Yannakakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handbook Affect. Comput."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-AFFC.2011.6"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TG.2018.2870876"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIG.2016.7860385"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCIAIG.2009.2024533"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aiide.v6i1.12399"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892452"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2017.0108"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CoG52621.2021.9618902"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139046855.020"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"18 European countries call for better regulation of loot boxes following new report","author":"Subhan","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"You\u2019ve Been Played: How Corporations, Governments and Schools Use Games to Control Us All","author":"Hon","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3474680"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.202049"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIG.2019.8848123"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2020.1868322"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1641","article-title":"Just an artifact: Why machines are perceived as moral agents","volume-title":"Proc. 22nd Int. Joint Conf. Artif. Intell.","author":"Bryson"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2018\/779"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Toward AI systems that augment and empower humans by understanding us, our society and the world around us","volume-title":"Rep. 761758 EU Project HumaneAI","author":"Crowley","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14763\/2020.2.1469"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-020-00441-4"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Opportunities and challenges in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI): A survey","author":"Das","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","first-page":"494","article-title":"A right to reasonable inferences: Rethinking data protection law in the age of big data and AI","author":"Wachter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Columnia Bus. Law Rev."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-022-01493-0"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3546872"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"251","article-title":"Race and gender","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI","author":"Gebru","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Ethically aligned design of autonomous systems: Industry viewpoint and an empirical study","author":"Vakkuri","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Ethically aligned design: A vision for prioritizing human well-being with autonomous and intelligent systems","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0055-y"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9785\/cri-2019-200402"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41539-017-0016-3"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-018-9450-z"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0117-1"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0113-5"},{"issue":"7553","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/521415a","article-title":"Ethics of artificial intelligence","volume":"521","author":"Russell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-86144-5_3"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-020-09517-8"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Open player modeling: Empowering players through data transparency","author":"Zhu","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262012652.001.0001"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIG.2018.8490433"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.12.012"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-63885-6_39"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2022.100537"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57959-7"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-63464-3_35"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/idpl\/ipab008"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/iwc\/iww026"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206767"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0900-3"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107219"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263567"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"The battle pass: A mixed-methods investigation into a growing type of video game monetisation","author":"Petrovskaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"OSF Preprints"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1469540521993930"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106311"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSAA.2016.84"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2018.8622151"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14659890500114359"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/smds49396.2020.00011"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.03.001"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"Ea faces yet another class-action lawsuit connected to loot boxes","author":"Valentine","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"\u2018dynamic difficulty\u2019 loot box lawsuit against ea dropped","author":"Batchelor","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref70","article-title":"The challenge of believability in video games: Definitions, agents models and imitation learning","author":"Tenc\u00e9","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/11550.001.0001"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1339"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.nuse-1.5"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-5602"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-020-09548-1"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"It began as an AI-fueled dungeon game. it got much darker","author":"Simonite","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"On the opportunities and risks of foundation models","author":"Bommasani","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/985921.985999"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199942237.013.006"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2022.100537"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"152","article-title":"Like a dna string: Sequence-based player profiling in tom clancys the division","volume-title":"Proc. Artif. Intell. Interactive Digit. Entertainment Conf.","author":"Makarovych"},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201ctry, try, try again:","volume-title":"Proc. 3rd Conf. Conversational User Interfaces","author":"Myers"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2009.07.005"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-42504-3_16"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-4769-5"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2011.12.001"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCSI53130.2021.9736213"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-AFFC.2010.1"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"1","article-title":"Game reward systems: Gaming experiences and social meanings","volume-title":"Proc. DiGRA Int. Conf.: Think Des. Play","author":"Wang"},{"key":"ref90","volume-title":"Theory of Fun for Game Design","author":"Koster","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-014-9425-2"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1371216.1371223"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5040\/9798400658105"},{"key":"ref94","volume-title":"Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play Element in Culture","author":"Huizinga","year":"1955"},{"key":"ref95","volume-title":"Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals","author":"Tekinbas","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref96","volume-title":"Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy","author":"O\u2019Neil","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-9713.2016.00960.x"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2018.668"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3458723"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308560.3317590"},{"key":"ref101","article-title":"Google \u2018fixed\u2019 its racist algorithm by removing gorillas from its image-labeling tech","author":"Vincent","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref102","article-title":"Autistic boy branded a cheater by xbox live [update]","author":"Fahey","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref103","article-title":"Korean woman kicks ass at overwatch, gets accused of cheating [update]","author":"Ashcraft","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clsr.2017.08.007"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3241094.3241142"},{"key":"ref106","article-title":"Certified data removal from machine learning models","author":"Guo","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i13.17371"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40001.2021.00019"},{"key":"ref109","first-page":"18075","article-title":"Remember what you want to forget: Algorithms for machine unlearning","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Sekhari"},{"key":"ref110","first-page":"388","article-title":"Incremental and decremental support vector machine learning","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Cauwenberghs"},{"key":"ref111","article-title":"GPT-4 technical report","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref112","article-title":"Samsung workers made a major error by using ChatGPT","author":"Maddison","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-020-0161-x"},{"key":"ref114","article-title":"PS4 game dreams is an amazing creation tool with an exposure problem","author":"Castello","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5334.001.0001"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ppm0000035"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412019868381"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130859.3131438"},{"key":"ref119","first-page":"12","article-title":"How long before superintelligence?","volume":"2","author":"Bostrom","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Futures Stud."}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/5165369\/10454109\/10125072.pdf?arnumber=10125072","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T05:20:05Z","timestamp":1709270405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10125072\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/taffc.2023.3276425","relation":{},"ISSN":["1949-3045","2371-9850"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1949-3045","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2371-9850","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}}}