{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T21:51:38Z","timestamp":1776117098376,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1624668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1624668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1921485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1921485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2335046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2335046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006168","name":"Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-NA0003946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-NA0003946"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006168","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003661","name":"AGILITY project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4263090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4263090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tai.2025.3544173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T13:56:49Z","timestamp":1740146209000},"page":"2226-2240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Multiagent Actor-Critic Generative AI for Query Resolution and Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5009-221X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Wali","family":"Ur Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4097-9733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ric","family":"Nevarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trustweb, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7542-1453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lamia Tasnim","family":"Mim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avirtek, Inc., Tucson, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3956-3401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salim","family":"Hariri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Language models are few-shot learners","author":"Brown","year":"2020"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref2","article-title":"Language models are unsupervised multitask learners","volume":"1","author":"Radford","year":"2019","journal-title":"OpenAI Blog"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"Kingma","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.18893.74727"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00453"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2969033.2969125"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/365153.365168"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Procedures as a Representation for Data in a Computer Program For Understanding Natural Language","author":"Winograd","year":"1971"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aimag.v31i3.2303"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","author":"Devlin","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3274199"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1499586.1499695"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AICCSA56895.2022.10017489"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3331184.3331341"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N18-1202"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer","author":"Raffel","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287560.3287596"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445922"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"What do you learn from context? Probing for sentence structure in contextualized word representations","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Tenney","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"6098","article-title":"Jointly learning to extract entities and classify semantic roles","volume-title":"Proc. 58th Annu. Meeting Assoc. Comput. Linguistics","author":"Yang","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"An introduction to multiagent systems","author":"Wooldridge","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Federated learning: Strategies for improving communication efficiency","volume-title":"Proc. NIPS Workshop Private Multi-Party Mach. Learn.","author":"Kone\u010dn\u1ef3","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2007.913919"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1995.488968"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/springerreference_178734"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(97)00025-8"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1041","article-title":"An analysis of feasible solutions for multi-issue negotiation involving nonlinear utility functions","volume-title":"Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Autonomous Agent. Multiagent Syst.","volume":"2","author":"Fatima","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/S0363012901385691"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"ROBERTA: A robustly optimized BERT pretraining approach","author":"Liu","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00563"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Are we going mad? Benchmarking multi-agent debate between language models for medical A & A","author":"Smit","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI feedback","author":"Bai","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Introducing the next generation of claude","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Hello GPT-4o","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Claude 3.5 sonnet model card addendum","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3560815"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.295"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.243"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"NVBENCH: A large-scale synthesized dataset for cross-domain natural language to visualization task","author":"Luo","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3030378"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Vi (e) va LLM! A conceptual stack for evaluating and interpreting generative AI-based visualizations","author":"Podo","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3448016.3457261"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3114848"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3534678.3539330"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Visualization generation with large language models: An evaluation","author":"Li","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/9078688\/11106307\/10897893-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/9078688\/11106307\/10897893.pdf?arnumber=10897893","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T01:09:42Z","timestamp":1755911382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10897893\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tai.2025.3544173","relation":{},"ISSN":["2691-4581"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2691-4581","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}}}