{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T17:14:10Z","timestamp":1780766050048,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000277","name":"DEFRA and managed by the Environment Agency through UK government&#x2019;s Flood and Coastal Resilience Innovation Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000277","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tai.2025.3552057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T13:48:28Z","timestamp":1742305708000},"page":"2575-2587","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["GradCFA: A Hybrid Gradient-Based Counterfactual and Feature Attribution Explanation Algorithm for Local Interpretation of Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5724-6637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"Sanderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3198-6282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8698-7605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wai Lok","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAI.2023.3266418"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09710-0"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-022-02239-7"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsm.2023.04.003"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2023.103861"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2023.2288945"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"A systematic review of explainable artificial intelligence models and applications: Recent developments and future trends","volume":"7","author":"Saranya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Decis. Anal. J."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3159652.3176182"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Robust counterfactual explanations in machine learning: A survey","author":"Jiang","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2023.119898"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10618-022-00831-6"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3677119"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3618105"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref14","first-page":"841","article-title":"Counterfactual explanations without opening the black box: Automated decisions and the gdpr","volume":"31","author":"Wachter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harvard J. Law Technol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3351095.3372850"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3030342"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"3763","article-title":"Manifold-aligned counterfactual explanations for neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Nat. Conf. Artif. Intell. Statist.","author":"Tsiourvas","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3461535.3461555"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA52953.2021.00209"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58112-1_31"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41060-022-00365-6"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAI.2023.3337053"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12102215"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-3020"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.11491"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"4768","article-title":"A unified approach to interpreting model predictions","volume-title":"Proc. 31st Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Lundberg","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130140"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.74"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"Kingma","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Credit approval","author":"Quinlan","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2019.104344"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Cardiotocography","author":"Campos","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104600"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/9078688\/11186126\/10930810.pdf?arnumber=10930810","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T04:32:57Z","timestamp":1759379577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10930810\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tai.2025.3552057","relation":{},"ISSN":["2691-4581"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2691-4581","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}}}