{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:07:19Z","timestamp":1775606839851,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62202014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62202014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62332002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62332002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62425101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62425101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62088102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62088102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tai.2025.3564914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T13:36:00Z","timestamp":1745847360000},"page":"642-653","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["ProLLaMA: A Protein Large Language Model for Multitask Protein Language Processing"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5604-1678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liuzhenghao","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"given":"Zongying","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"given":"Jiaxi","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pandalla.AI, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9213-9832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calvin Yu-Chian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2120-5588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2978-5935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghong","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"GPT-4 technical report","author":"Achiam","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models","author":"Touvron","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Understanding the capabilities, limitations, and societal impact of large language models","author":"Tamkin","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"A survey of large language models","author":"Zhao","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2023.101861"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3543873.3587368"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Can ChatGPT understand too? A comparative study on ChatGPT and fine-tuned BERT","author":"Zhong","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.ijcnlp-main.45"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"16990","article-title":"Tranception: Protein fitness prediction with autoregressive transformers and inference-time retrieval","volume-title":"Proc. 39th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Notin","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2021.11.008"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-022-00499-z"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Mol-instructions\u2014A large-scale biomolecular instruction dataset for large language models","volume-title":"Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Learn. Represent.","author":"Fang","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-acl.71"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","author":"Devlin","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"29287","article-title":"Language models enable zero-shot prediction of the effects of mutations on protein function","volume":"34","author":"Meier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2016239118"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btac020"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32007-7"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01618-2"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2023.10.002"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-3207"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbinf.2023.1304099"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu739"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac993"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Stanford Alpaca: An instruction-following LLaMA model","author":"Taori","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"LoRA: Low-rank adaptation of large language models","author":"Hu","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.568"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020603401001"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/333784a0"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089781"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12524"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Protein generation with evolutionary diffusion: Sequence is all you need","author":"Alamdari","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ade2574"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"FlashAttention-2: Faster attention with better parallelism and work partitioning","author":"Dao","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2019.03.009"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.20264"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1061"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444902003451"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01773-0"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13321-021-00488-1"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx345"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty166"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811922106"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty481"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty178"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0598-1"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"8844","article-title":"MSA transformer","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Rao","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3095381"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Structure-informed language models are protein designers","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"A neural probabilistic language model","volume":"13","author":"Bengio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Design in the DARK: Learning deep generative models for de novo protein design","author":"Moffat","year":"2022","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"ProtST: Multi-modality learning of protein sequences and biomedical texts","author":"Xu","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i17.29907"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Galactica: A large language model for science","author":"Taylor","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Leveraging biomolecule and natural language through multi-modal learning: A survey","author":"Pei","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/9078688\/11370309\/10979347.pdf?arnumber=10979347","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T20:57:49Z","timestamp":1770152269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10979347\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tai.2025.3564914","relation":{},"ISSN":["2691-4581"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2691-4581","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}}}