{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T12:26:31Z","timestamp":1777983991147,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tai.2025.3620274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T17:39:36Z","timestamp":1760117976000},"page":"2594-2609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models for Automated Question Generation From Video-Based Learning Content"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0120-2582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Bin","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ARC Centre of Excellent for Automated Decision-Making and Society (ADM&#x002B;S), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0237-1705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdur Rahim Mohammad","family":"Forkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Computing and Emerging Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4660-4507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhik","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Computing and Emerging Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4500-3443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prem Prakash","family":"Jayaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Computing and Emerging Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0666-3262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"McCosker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Media, Film and Education, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3207-4648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Yuseong-gu, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Wieland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vidversity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liz","family":"Kollias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vidversity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33423\/jhetp.v21i4.4218"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13748-023-00295-9"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-019-00186-y"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3991\/ijac.v16i1.35207"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41039-021-00151-1"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000005626"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72312-4_18"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Exploring transfer learning with T5: The text-to-text transfer transformer","author":"Roberts","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3170358.3170376"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-36119-8_2"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2023.3313391"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2021.1976505"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP40776.2020.9053476"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3531073.3531179"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46328\/ijonse.206"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","first-page":"9","article-title":"The effectiveness of AI-based video to increase digital literacy in junior high school","volume":"7","author":"Simanungkalit","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Curriculum Indonesia"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"The future of learning in the age of generative AI: Automated question generation and assessment with large language models","author":"Maity","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"105","article-title":"Generating natural language questions to support learning on-line","volume-title":"Proc. 14th Euro. Workshop Natural Lang. Generation","author":"Lindberg","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2018-1007"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-1123"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3231644.3231654"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-3030"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2018.2889100"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"243","article-title":"Deep learning based question generation using t5 transformer","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Comput.: 10th Int. Conf. (IACC)","author":"Kumar","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3388440.3412413"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"ChatGPT \u2014 Release Notes","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-12249-8"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-7587-7_1"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"A survey on neural question generation: Methods, applications, and prospects","author":"Guo","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlp.2024.100083"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3657604.3662030"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/hcomp.v12i1.31606"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3631700.3665233"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100298"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3657604.3664714"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"2246","article-title":"Automatic multiple-choice question generation and evaluation systems based on LLM: A study case with university resolutions","volume-title":"Proc. 31st Int. Conf. Comput. Linguistics","author":"Mucciaccia","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Exploring large language models for evaluating automatically generated questions","volume-title":"Proc. CEUR Workshop","author":"Dittel","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"AWS transcribe","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-2611"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Context utilization metric","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-main.543"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-main.153"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556325.2566239"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-02601-y"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"ChatGPT 4o Mini"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Claude 3.5 sonnet"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Mistral large 2407"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Meta llama 3.1 405b instruct turbo"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Wizardlm 2 8x22b"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Databricks dbrx instruct"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Gryphe mythomax l2 13b lite"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Upstage solar 10.7b instruct v1.0"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Qwen 2.5 72b instruct turbo"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Deepseek LLM 67b chat"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1952.10483441"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/9078688\/11503071\/11199877.pdf?arnumber=11199877","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:57:24Z","timestamp":1777665444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11199877\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tai.2025.3620274","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.36227\/techrxiv.174195543.38933530\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2691-4581"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2691-4581","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}}}