{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:06:00Z","timestamp":1777611960518,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tasl.2011.2162402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,21]],"date-time":"2011-07-21T14:44:08Z","timestamp":1311259448000},"page":"551-564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["WFST Enabled Solutions to ASR Problems: Beyond HMM Decoding"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Hoffmeister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Heigold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rybach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Schluter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Ney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2005.1415063"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1699510.1699517"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.21437\/Eurospeech.1997-58","article-title":"String-level MCE for continuous phoneme recognition","author":"mcdermott","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Speech Commun Technol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.1991.150395"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2001.940760"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2005.1415087"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Expectation semirings: Flexible EM for finite-state transducers","author":"eisner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Int Workshop Finite-State Methods Natural Lang Process (FSMNLP)"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Training of finite-state transducers and its application to pronunciation modeling","author":"shu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc INTERSPEECH"},{"key":"ref35","author":"gunawardana","year":"2001","journal-title":"Maximum Mutual Information Estimation of Acoustic HMM Emission Densities"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"105","article-title":"Minimum phone error and I-smoothing for improved discriminative training","volume":"1","author":"povey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Acoust Speech Signal Process (ICASSP)"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/89.906002"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"baum","year":"1972","journal-title":"An Inequality and Associated Maximization Technique in Statistical Estimation for Probabilistic Functions of Markov Processes"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.21437\/Eurospeech.1999-127","article-title":"Finding consensus among words: Lattice-based word error minimization","volume":"1","author":"mangu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Speech Commun Technol (Eurospeech)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21437\/Eurospeech.1997-60","article-title":"Weighted determinization and minimization for large vocabulary speech recognition","author":"mohri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Speech Commun Technol (Eurospeech)"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Weighted automata in text and speech processing","author":"mohri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Extended Finite State Models Workshop of the 12th Eur Conf Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1218955.1219020"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/csla.1996.0022"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2004-694","article-title":"The MIT finite-state transducer toolkit for speech and language processing","author":"hetherington","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc INTERSPEECH"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.21437\/Eurospeech.1999-293","article-title":"Efficient general lattice generation and rescoring","author":"ljolje","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Speech Commun Technol (Eurospeech)"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"2531","article-title":"Efficient lattice representation and generation","author":"weng","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Spoken Lang Process (ICSLP)"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1090\/qam\/102435","article-title":"On a routing problem","volume":"16","author":"bellman","year":"1958","journal-title":"Quart Appl Math"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.1998.674408"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21437\/Eurospeech.2001-390","article-title":"A weight pushing algorithm for large vocabulary speech recognition","author":"mohri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Speech Commun Technol (Eurospeech)"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASRU.1997.659011"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"321","article-title":"Semiring frameworks and algorithms for shortest-distance problems","volume":"7","author":"mohri","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Automata Lang Combinatorics"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129054102000996"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2009-87","article-title":"Log-linear model combination with word-dependent scaling factors","author":"hoffmeister","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc INTERSPEECH"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"A new framework for system combination based on integrated hypothesis space","author":"chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Spoken Lang Process (ICSLP)"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"139","article-title":"Segmental minimum Bayes-risk ASR voting strategies","author":"goel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Spoken Lang Process (ICSLP)"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"537","article-title":"Frame based system combination and a comparison with weighted ROVER and CNC","author":"hoffmeister","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc INTERSPEECH"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Posterior probability decoding, confidence estimation and system combination","author":"evermann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc NIST Speech Transcription Workshop"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2009-348","article-title":"A generalized composition algorithm for weighted finite-state transducers","author":"allauzen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc INTERSPEECH"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSA.2004.825678"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.18626"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2009-345","article-title":"Bayes risk approximations using time overlap with an application to system combination","author":"hoffmeister","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc INTERSPEECH"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1390156.1390205"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2009.4960442"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129054103002114"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1309","article-title":"A comparison of two LVR search optimization techniques","author":"kanthak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Spoken Lang Process (ICSLP)"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"559","author":"mohri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Speech Recognition With Weighted Finite-State Transducers"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6393(00)00035-2"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-76336-9_3"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2004.1326097"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Weighted finite-state transducers in speech recognition","author":"mohri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc ISCA Tutorial Research Workshop Autom Speech Recognition Challenges New Millenium (ASR2000)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2005-338","article-title":"Anatomy of an extremely fast LVCSR decoder","author":"saon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc INTERSPEECH"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2005.1415293"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASRU.2007.4430153"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/11965152_26","article-title":"Juicer: A weighted finite-state transducer speech decoder","author":"moore","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Multimodal Interaction and Related Machine Learning Algorithms"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"853","article-title":"Improved confusion network algorithm and shortest path search from word lattice","author":"xue","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Acoust Speech Signal Process (ICASSP)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2006.889790"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.21437\/Eurospeech.2001-601","article-title":"Condence based lattice segmentation and minimum Bayes-risk decoding","author":"goel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Speech Commun Technol (Eurospeech)"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/csla.2000.0138"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2003.1198851"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"373","article-title":"Risk based lattice cutting for segmental minimum Bayes-risk decoding","author":"kumar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Spoken Lang Process (ICSLP)"},{"key":"ref42","author":"povey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Discriminative training for large vocabulary speech recognition"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"57","author":"normandin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Maximum Mutual Information Estimation of Hidden Markov Models"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.21437\/Eurospeech.1997-68","article-title":"Explicit word error minimization in N-best list rescoring","author":"stolcke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Speech Commun Technol (Eurospeech)"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2005-693","article-title":"Investigations on error minimizing training criteria for discriminative training in automatic speech recognition","author":"macherey","year":"2005","journal-title":"InterSpeech"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx5\/10376\/6099652\/05957264.pdf?arnumber=5957264","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T07:26:43Z","timestamp":1686209203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/5957264\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tasl.2011.2162402","relation":{},"ISSN":["1558-7916","1558-7924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1558-7916","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-7924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}}}