{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T10:12:05Z","timestamp":1761991925164,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"EPSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/I031022\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/I031022\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Speech Technology"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"DARPA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Broad Operational Language Translation and RATS"},{"name":"Toshiba Research Europe Ltd"},{"name":"Cambridge Research Lab"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE\/ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/taslp.2016.2558826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T16:20:43Z","timestamp":1461860443000},"page":"1438-1449","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Two Efficient Lattice Rescoring Methods Using Recurrent Neural Network Language Models"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6725-1160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xunying","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark J. F.","family":"Gales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip C.","family":"Woodland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.1996.540316"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/79.790984"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2014.6889433"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASRU.2013.6707751"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1203","article-title":"Speed up of recurrent neural network language models with sentence independent subsampling stochastic gradient descent","author":"shi","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ISCA Interspeech"},{"article-title":"A guide to recurrent neural networks and backpropagation","year":"0","author":"boden","key":"ref30"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1075812.1075905"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"RNNLM—Recurrent neural network language modeling toolkit","author":"mikolov","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Autom Speech Recognition Understanding Workshop"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2015.7179003"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"641","article-title":"Efficient GPU-based training of recurrent neural network language models using spliced sentence bunch","author":"chen","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ISCA Interspeech"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"246","article-title":"Hierarchical probabilistic neural network language model","author":"morin","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Workshop Artif Intell Statist"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASRU.2007.4430100"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/323533a0"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2006.09.003"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1137","article-title":"A neural probabilistic language model","volume":"3","author":"bengio","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1116","article-title":"A fast re-scoring strategy to capture long-distance dependencies","author":"deoras","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ACL Conf Empirical Methods Natural Lang Process"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"661","article-title":"Lattice decoding and rescoring with long-span neural network language models","author":"sundermeyer","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ISCA Interspeech"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"2630","article-title":"Direct word graph rescoring using A$^*$ search and RNNLM","author":"jalalvand","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ISCA Interspeech"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"269","article-title":"Finite-state transducers in language and speech processing","volume":"23","author":"mohri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Comput Linguistics"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2015.2400218"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2014.6854827"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2014.6854535"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1073483.1073486"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/csla.1998.0043"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2015.7179004"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2014.04.004"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2011.2134090"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"237","article-title":"Improved bottleneck features using pretrained deep neural networks","author":"yu","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ISCA Interspeech"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2000.862024"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2012.08.004"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2013.6639310"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2012.06.004"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"3419","article-title":"Prefix tree based n-best list re-scoring for recurrent neural network language model used in speech recognition system","author":"si","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ISCA Interspeech"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"2524","article-title":"Recurrent neural networks for language understanding","author":"yao","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ISCA Interspeech"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1044","article-title":"Joint language and translation modeling with recurrent neural networks","author":"auli","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ACL Conf Empirical Methods Natural Lang Process"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"1700","article-title":"Recurrent continuous translation models","author":"kalchbrenner","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ACL Conf Empirical Methods Natural Lang Process"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-1129"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2014.6854829"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/csla.2000.0152"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Posterior probability decoding, confidence estimation and system combination","author":"evermann","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Speech Transcription Workshop"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Recurrent neural network based language model","author":"mikolov","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Spoken Lang Process Interspeech"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Improved neural network based language modelling and adaptation","author":"park","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Spoken Lang Process Interspeech"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"194","article-title":"LSTM neural networks for language modeling","author":"sundermeyer","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Spoken Lang Process Interspeech"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2011.5947611"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2011.5947612"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2012.2215599","article-title":"Structured output layer neural network language models for speech recognition","volume":"21","author":"le","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Audio Speech Lang Process"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/csla.1995.0010"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"1668","article-title":"Conversion of recurrent neural network language models to weighted finite state transducers for automatic speech recognition","author":"lecorv\u00e9","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ISCA Interspeech"},{"article-title":"Investigation of silicon-auditory models and generalization of linear discriminant analysis for improved speech recognition","year":"1997","author":"kumar","key":"ref46"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"73","article-title":"The development of the 1996 HTK broadcast news transcription system","author":"woodland","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc DARPA Speech Recog Workshop"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"105","article-title":"Minimum phone error and I-smoothing for improved discriminative training","volume":"1","author":"povey","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Acoust Speech Signal Process"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2003.1198734"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"The HTK BookVersion 3.5a","author":"evermann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Speech Group"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"5390","article-title":"Language model combination and adaptation using weighted finite state transducers","author":"liu","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Acoust Speech Signal Process"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"3145","article-title":"The cambridge university 2014 BOLT conversational telephone Mandarin Chinese LVCSR system for speech translation","author":"liu","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ISCA Interspeech"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2005.1415087"}],"container-title":["IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6570655\/7480453\/07460091.pdf?arnumber=7460091","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:11:41Z","timestamp":1642003901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7460091\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/taslp.2016.2558826","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-9290","2329-9304"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2329-9290"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2329-9304"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}}}