{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T16:35:33Z","timestamp":1775838933001,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["899822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["899822"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tbcas.2021.3120886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T17:51:41Z","timestamp":1634752301000},"page":"838-858","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Integrated Circuits for Medical Ultrasound Applications: Imaging and Beyond"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5584-9859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaohua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0623-963X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Demosthenous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2009.1297"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2008.652"},{"key":"ref33","author":"mason","year":"1942","journal-title":"Electromechanical Transducers and Wave Filters"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19700280"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2009.2034635"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2011.2132"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1908709"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.1994.401710"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.1988.49457"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"742","article-title":"The piezo-electric resonator and its equivalent network","volume":"16","author":"dyke","year":"1928","journal-title":"Proc Inst Radio Eng"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2010.1755"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2004.1320834"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ultrasound system considerations and their impact on front-end components","volume":"36","author":"brunner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Analog Devices"},{"key":"ref20","author":"giancoli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1880772"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/0954411991534933"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/micronano.2017.59"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2014.006452"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.1958.tb12903.x"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2010.2092822"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2021.3049560"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.2010.5935775"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2020.3040548"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2014.2298284"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2018.2859961"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2015.2434100"},{"key":"ref156","first-page":"220c","article-title":"A 1.54\ufffdmW\/element 150\ufffd$\\mu \\text {m}$-pitch-matched receiver ASIC with element-level SAR\/shared-single-slope hybrid ADCs for miniature 3D ultrasound probes","author":"li","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Symp VLSI Circuits"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2599580"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.2003.1293556"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2003.813294"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4.364430"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2014.2375958"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2016.2571739"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2015.2488020"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2015.2431272"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2013.2274895"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.2010.5935948"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"1413","article-title":"Development of a linear power amplifier for high frame rate imaging system","volume":"2","author":"lu","year":"0","journal-title":"biomedical ultrasound imaging applications"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.1997.663294"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPSD.2006.1666054"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICC.2018.8357014"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2014.2387687"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2014.2305213"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2014.2298197"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2018.2799623"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2016.2583783"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2013.2295403"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/981295"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003511"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3620"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2020.3008537"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"A short history of the development of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology","volume":"3","author":"woo","year":"2002","journal-title":"History of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(05)70308-X"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"668","article-title":"Real-time 3D ultrasonic data acquisition NSF\/ERC NSF\/ERC unit 2.1\ufffdA","author":"ramm","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 12th Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(58)91905-6"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/58.677612"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2018.2809641"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Integrated circuits for 3-D medical ultrasound imaging","volume":"3","author":"poulton","year":"1987","journal-title":"MCNC Technical Bulletin"},{"key":"ref49","year":"2017","journal-title":"4-Channel Low-Phase-Noise Low-Power Continuous Wave Transmitter"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2019.2921983"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/84.749409"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMS51782.2021.9375173"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/58.985700"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/58.484456"},{"key":"ref48","year":"2016","journal-title":"8-Channel Ultra-Low-Phase-Noise Low-Power Continuous Wave Transmitter With Beamformer"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2005.1563260"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2011.1993"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2011.2128"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/58.368314"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.397699"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2018.2837127"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2015.2495723"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2014.1906"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICC.2006.320856"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2021.3096722"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2018.2881909"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app8091544"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSSC.2019.2938141"},{"key":"ref128","first-page":"305","article-title":"T\/R-switch composed of 3 high-voltage MOSFETs with 12.1\ufffd$\\mu \\text {W}$ consumption that can perform per-channel TX to RX self-loopback AC tests for 3D ultrasound imaging with 3072-channel transceiver","author":"kajiyama","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conf"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"767","article-title":"Miniaturizing ultrasonic system for portable health care and fitness","volume":"9","author":"tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2005.843599"},{"key":"ref130","volume":"215","author":"schmerr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fundamentals of Ultrasonic Phased Arrays"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2008.4541825"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICM.2000.884843"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2014.2327455"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2017.2717042"},{"key":"ref134","article-title":"Acoustic imaging apparatus","author":"maslak","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2014.2325851"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2019.2947395"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2015.2406780"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2010.2091322"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICC.2003.1249444"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.2010.5935915"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/58.285466"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2005.857544"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2020.2987719"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4.823445"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"486","article-title":"An energy-replenishing ultrasound pulser with 0.25$\\text {C}\\text {V}^{2}\\text {f}$ dynamic power consumption","volume":"64","author":"choi","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2020.3019811"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2021.3100458"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2015.2406777"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2003.817603"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.1993.280014"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2011.1786"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2008.980"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2005.1509785"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2006.888675"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2006.1593369"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISICir.2011.6131983"},{"key":"ref2","volume":"1","author":"strutt","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Theory of Sound Ser Cambridge Library Collection - Physical Sciences"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2006.1593370","article-title":"Development of a real-time, high-frequency ultrasound digital beamformer for high-frequency linear array transducers","volume":"53","author":"hu","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelect Freq Control"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2013.2258260"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470561478"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2018.2836915"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2013.2262998"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2018.2828826"},{"key":"ref94","first-page":"162","article-title":"A 622 Mb\/s $4.5 \\,\\text {pA}\/\\sqrt{\\text {Hz}}$ CMOS transimpedance amplifier","author":"razavi","year":"0","journal-title":"for optical receiver front-end"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2018.2864295"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2012.2219532"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2749425"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESSCIRC.2014.6942108"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2018.2889810"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2008.918006"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2017.2716836"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TE.1967.4320288"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2016.2530318"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2015.2496580"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2012.2350"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2009.2027958"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2006.879058"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2016.2638433"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2020.3018223"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2020.3023618"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCAS.2018.2849261"},{"key":"ref97","author":"razavi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Design of Integrated Circuits for Optical Communications"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JMEMS.2003.809968"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2002.1049742"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-2-25"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC42613.2021.9365808"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2021.3083217"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0960-1317\/21\/5\/054004"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s150408020"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCE-China.2017.7990981"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2021.3090424"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2019.2922027"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"1556","article-title":"Single-chip ultra high slew-rate pulse generator for ultrasound scanner applications","author":"hsia","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Ultrason Symp"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20073325"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6027029"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2019.8702531"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-018-1517-0"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"1","article-title":"A high-speed high-voltage bipolar pulser for medical ultrasonic imaging applications","author":"huang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Consum Electron"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WESCON.1995.485477"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.1991.689160"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2012.2227606"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2019.2921697"},{"key":"ref116","first-page":"114","article-title":"An all CMOS 84dB-linear low-power variable gain amplifier","author":"duong","year":"0","journal-title":"Symp VLSI Circuits 2005 Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1109\/82.885141","article-title":"Pseudo-exponential function for MOSFETs in saturation","volume":"47","author":"chang","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Analog Digit Signal Process"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"189","article-title":"A 2.34\ufffd$\\mu \\text {J}$\/scan acoustic power scalable charge-redistribution pMUT interface system with on-chip aberration compensation for portable ultrasonic applications","author":"tillak","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conf"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SOI.2002.1044425"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPSD.2016.7520866"},{"key":"ref122","first-page":"359","article-title":"A new 80V 32&#x00D7;32ch low loss multiplexer LSI for a 3D ultrasound imaging system","author":"hara","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 17th Int Symp Power Semicond Devices ICs"},{"key":"ref123","first-page":"271","article-title":"HV floating switch matrix with parachute safety driving for 3D echography systems","author":"ricotti","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Eur Solid-State Circuits Conf"},{"key":"ref85","article-title":"Adiabatic charging without inductors","author":"svensson","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"100","article-title":"Driving a capacitive load without dissipating $\\text {f}\\text {C}\\text {V}^{2}$","author":"svensson","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Symp Low Power Electron"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2017.2691676"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2018.0800"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/4156126\/9643424\/09580622.pdf?arnumber=9580622","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T21:29:09Z","timestamp":1646774949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9580622\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":166,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tbcas.2021.3120886","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-4545","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-9990","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}}}