{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T15:09:16Z","timestamp":1789830556843,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"Technology Innovation Program","award":["RS-2023-00231956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00231956"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020M3F3A2A01081777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M3F3A2A01081777"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tbcas.2024.3465610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T13:27:46Z","timestamp":1727098066000},"page":"590-604","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Multi-Bit ECRAM-Based Analog Neuromorphic System With High-Precision Current Readout Achieving 97.3% Inference Accuracy"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3132-3115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minseong","family":"Um","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6650-074X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minil","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Semiconductor System Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1572-2095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyeongho","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8814-1823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunjeong","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4897-8622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyungmi","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4416-4494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jimin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4281-6614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeonghoon","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0145-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiseok","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information, Communications and Electronic Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0408-1165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1191-3553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung-Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Computer Architecture\u2014A Quantitative Approach","author":"Hennessy","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2014.6757323"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2018.2790840"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2016.2577031"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCAS.2021.3092533"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2016.2642198"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2782087"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2019.8662392"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/isscc19947.2020.9062949"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2021.3083275"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2023.3242413"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2020.3036209"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC42613.2021.9365932"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2022.3159808"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23746149.2016.1259585"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2015.2414423"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ab7794"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2010.2070830"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/isscc.2018.8310400"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2019.8662395"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2020.2971642"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2018.2843286"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2018.2831618"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2019.2945559"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2016.2618351"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b14338"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEDM19573.2019.8993463"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.636127"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202100219"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202200378"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202300476"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSCAS.2017.8052950"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BioCAS58349.2023.10388585"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adl3350"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2021.699148"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00333"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/4156126\/11017326\/10685457.pdf?arnumber=10685457","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T18:46:18Z","timestamp":1765997178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10685457\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tbcas.2024.3465610","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-4545","1940-9990"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-4545","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-9990","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}}}